E 
59 

P2  C3 
hnthro. 


UC-NRLF 


r/9 


CATALOGUE 

DESCRIPTIVE    AND    INSTRUCTIVE 


OF 


CATLIN'S 

INDIAN  CARTOONS. 


PORTRAITS,  TYPES,  AND  CUSTOMS. 

600  PAINTINGS  IN   OIL, 


WITH 


20,000   FULL   LENGTH    FIGURES 

ILLUSTRATING     THEIR     VARIOUS     GAMES,     RELIGIOUS     CEREMONIES,     AND 
OTHER     CUSTOMS, 


27  CANVAS  PAINTINGS 


LASALLE'S   DISCOVERIES. 


f 


NORTH  AND  SOUTH  AMERICAN  INDIANS. 


CATALOGUE 

DESCEIPTIVE    AND    INSTRUCTIVE 


CATLIN'S 

CARTOONS. 


PORTRAITS,  TYPES,  AND  CUSTOMS. 

600  PAINTINGS  IN  OIL, 

WITH 

20,000   FULL   LENGTH    FIGURES 

ILLUSTRATING    THEIR     VARIOUS     GAMES,     RELIGIOUS     CEREMONIES,     AND 
OTHER    CUSTOMS, 

AND 

27  CANVAS  PAINTINGS 

OF 

LASALLE'S  DISCOVERIES. 


NEW    YORK: 

BAKER    &    GODWIN,    PRINTERS, 

PRINTING-HOUSE  SQUARE, 

1871. 


ANTHROPOLOGY 


ANTHROP 
LIBRARY 


REMARKS. 


The  600  paintings  in  oil  enumerated  in  this  Catalogue,  containing  470 
full-length  portraits  of  Indians  of  the  two  Americas,  and  more  than  20,000 
full-length  figures  illustrating  their  various  games,  dances,  religious  cere 
monies,  hunting  scenes,  &c.,  were  made  from  nature,  in  the  Indians'  coun 
tries,  during  the  fourteen  years  which  the  author  spent  in  the  midst  of  the 
vast  solitudes  of  those  remote  regions,  contending  with  fatigues  and  expenses 
which  the  conviction  of  the  approaching  extinction  of  those  races  alone  induced 
him  to  encounter. 

It  has  been  with  that  conviction,  and  without  any  assistance,  Governmental 
or  individual  (but,  on  the  contrary,  discountenanced  ~by  loth),  that  he  was  the 
first  to  commence  a  pictorial  history  of  these  people,  and  has  devoted  the 
best  part  of  a  long  life  in  endeavoring  to  save  from  oblivion  the  types  and  cus 
toms  of  a  numerous,  and  purely  American  race,  decimated  and  driven  from 
their  countries  l>y  civilization,  and  who  will  soon  be  known  only  in  history. 

By  the  dates  given  throughout  this  catalogue,  it  will  be  seen  that  I  was 
lucl:y  enough  to  visit  these  people  whilst  they  were  in  their  primitive  condi 
tion — in  their  primitive  costumes,  and  practicing  their  primitive  modes — that 
my  portraits  were  made,  forty,  thirty,  and  twenty  years  ago,  when  the  In 
dians  were  on  their  own  ground,  and  before  they  were  put  in  ruffled  shirts 
and  frock  coats  with  velvet  collars  ;  which  facts  should  give  to  the  paintings 
a  peculiar  interest  and  value. 

It  is  to  be  hoped  that  in  this  encyclopedia  of  illustrations,  representing 
each  tribe  and  remnant  of  tribes  still  existing  in  North  America,  as  well  as 
thirty  distinct  tribes  in  South  America,  the  visitors  will  find  enough  of  his 
torical  interest  excited  by  a  faithful  resemblance  to  the  physiognomy  and 
customs  of  these  people,  to  compensate  for  what  may  be  deficient  in  them  as 
works  of  art. 

THE  AUTHOR. 

NOTE. — A  synopsis  of  the  author's  wanderings  is  given  in  Appendix  B. 


058 


NOTE. 


INDIAN    NAMES. 

Nothing  is  more  embarrassing  for  the  traveler  through  the  Indian 
Countries,  both  of  North  and  South  America,  than  the  difficulty  of 
obtaining  the  real  names  of  Indians,  owing  chiefly  to  the  singular 
fact  that  no  Indian  in  either  country  will  tell  his  name,  but  leaves 
it  for  occasion  or  other  Indians,  to  reveal. 

The  Indians  have  generally  their  family  names  in  the  idiom  of 
their  tribe,  and  having  no  Christian  names,  they  often  attach  to  them 
significations  which  are  wrongly  supposed  to  be  their  interpretations. 
A  great  proportion  of  Indian  names  (like  Jones,  Bailey,  Roberts, 
<£c.}  in  English)  admit  of  no  translation.  In  these  cases,  the  inter 
preters  give  their  family  names,  joining  to  them  the  qualifications 
for  which  the  individuals  are  celebrated — as  Oon-disch-ta  (the  Salmon 
Spearer),  Oon-disch-ta  (the  Tiger  Killer};  as  we  would  say,  Jones 
(the  Shoemaker),  Jones  (the  Butcher),  <&c. 

And  yet  another  difficulty  still  more  embarrassing,  that  most  In 
dians  of  celebrity  have  half  a  dozen  or  more  of  names,  which  they 
use  according  to  caprice  or  circumstances. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


INDIAN    PORTRAITS. 


Cartoon  No.  1. 

a>_  Sho-me-kos-se  (7%<?  TFtfZf) ;  bead  chief  of  the  tribe,  dressed 
in  a  rich  costume  of  skins ;  on  his  Buffalo  robe  is 
curiously  painted  a  Buffalo  chase,  and  in  his  hand 
he  holds  a  handsome  pipe. 

I.  —  (  Wa-hon-ga-shee  (No  Fool). 

Ci —  )  Chesh-oo-bong-ha  (The  Man  of  Good  Sense}. 

d.—  (  Meach-o-sbin-gaw  (The  Little  White  Bear) ;  three  dis 
tinguished  warriors  of  the  Konza  tribe,  dressed  and 
painted  for  war;  their  beads  shaved  and  ornamented 
with  red  crests,  made  of  the  hair  of  deer's  tails, 
dyed  red,  and  horse  hair ;  the  uniform  mode  of  the 
warriors  of  that  tribe. 

e. —    Din-dee  ( ) ;  wife  and  child  of  the  Chief. 

The  remnant  of  a  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  decimated 
by  rum  and  whiskey  and  the  small  pox,  on  the  Kansas  river 
west  of  Missouri.  Painted  in  1831. 


Cart.  No.  2.  Iowa. 

a. —  ISTotch-e-ning-a  (No  Heart) ;  Chief  of  the  tribe,  called, 
also,  the  "White  Cloud."  A  celebrated  warrior, 
carrying  his  shield  and  lance ;  and  his  necklace 
made  of  the  claws  of  the  grizzly  bear. 

b. —  Mu-lm-she-kaw  (The  White  Cloud)-  oldest  son  of  the 
Cbief,  and  heir  apparent. 

c. —    Pa-ta-coo-chee  (The  Shooting  Cedar)' 

A  small  tribe  at  present,  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Mis 
souri,  much  reduced  by  small  pox  and  whiskey.     1832. 

*  The  acute  is  used  to  denote  the  accent. 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  3.  Iroqiiois. 

a.—     E"ot-a-way  ( ) ;   one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribe, 

celebrated  as  a  warrior. 

1). —     Tchee-a-ka-chee  ( ) ;  an  Iroquois  woman,  curiously 

wrapped  in  her  blanket. 

c. —     Nox-to-ye  ( ) ;  a  young  warrior,  grasping  his  bow 

and  arrows  under  his  robe. 

The  remnant  of  a  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  residing  at 
present  in  Upper  Canada.     1831. 


Cart.  No.  4.  Wiimebstgo. 

a. —  Naw-Kaw  ( Wood) ;  an  aged  man,  Chief  of  the  tribe, 
armed  with  his  war  club  ;  said  to  be  celebrated  for 
his  eloquence. 

Z>. —  "Wa-chee-has-ka  (He  who  puts  all  out  of  doors) ;  a  cele 
brated  warrior,  carrying,  attached  to  his  arms,  rattle 
snakes'  skins. 

c.  —  j  Wa-kon-chash-kaw  (He  who  comes  on  the  thunder). 
d.—  \  Hoo-wa-ne-kaw  (The  Little  Elk). 

(Two  warriors,  armed  with  their  war  clubs.) 

A  tribe  formerly  numerous  and  warlike,  but  decimated  by 
small  pox  and  whiskey ;  western  shore  of  Lake  Michigan. 
1831. 


Cart.  No.  5.  SioilX.    (Dahcota.) 

a.—  Ee-ah-sa-pa  (The  Black  Roclc) ;  head  war  chief  of  the 
tribe,  richly  dressed ;  his  head  dress  of  war  eagle's 
quills  and  ermine  extending  to  the  ground,  sur 
mounted  by  horns,  symbols  of  authority  ;  his  robe 
is  painted,  his  leggings  fringed  with  scalp  locks,  and 
in  his  hand  his  lance  and  "  medicine  bag." 

I. —  Wy4oo-tah-ee-tchah-ta-ma-nee  (The  Little  Red  Thing 
that  touches  the  ground  in  marching),  (a  little  red 
tassel  attached  to  the  lower  extremity  of  her  father's 
head  dress)  ;  an  unmarried  woman,  daughter  of  the 
war  chief,  in  a  pretty  skin  dress. 

c. —    Eeh-16o-ta  ( );  a  Sioux  woman,  wife  of  the  war 

chief.     1832. 


NORTH   AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  6. 

a.—  Wa-nah-de-tunk-a  (The  Black  Dog]  ;  chief  of  a  band, 
on  the  St.  Peters  Elver. 

&.—  (  -  \(Eed  Wing)-,  chief  of  a  band,  a  celebrated 
warrior,  upper  Mississippi. 

c.  —     Toh-to-wa-kon-da-pee  (The  Blue  Medicine]  ;  a  celebrated 

doctor  and  medicine  [or  mystery]  man  holding  his 
drum  and  mysterious  rattle  in  his  hands. 

d.  —    "Wee-ne  (  -  );  a  Sioux  woman,  wife  and  child  of 

the  chief,  a  boy  of  four  years,  yet  at  the  breast  ;  an 
occurrence  not  unfrequent  amongst  the  North  Amer 
ican  Indians.  1832. 

Cart  No.  7.  SidllX. 

a.  —  (  Mah-to-chee-ga  (The  Little  Bear}. 

I.—  \  Shon-ka  (I  he  Dog). 

c.—  (  Tah-teck-a-da-hair  (The  Steep  Wind)  ;  three  dis 
tinguished  warriors  of  the  Sioux  tribe  [upper 
Missouri],  dressed  and  painted  for  war.  These  three 
warriors  all  lost  their  lives  in  a  private  quarrel 
growing  out  of  the  painting  of  their  portraits.  For 
the  details  of  this  tragic  event  see  "  Catlin's  Life 
amongst  the  Indians."  (Appleton.)  1832. 


Cart.  No.  8. 

a.  —  Wan-e-ton  (  --  )  ;  chief  of  the  Susseton  band  ; 
his  head  dress  of  eagle's  quills  descends  to  the 
ground. 

1).  —  Un-ca-to-a  (The  Inner  Bark)  ;  a  warrior  of  the  Susse 
ton  band,  armed  and  equipped  for  war. 

c.  —  Nee-ne  (The  Trembling  Sound)  ;  the  daughter  of  the 
chief,  in  a  pretty  skin  dress.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  9.  SioilX. 

a.  —  Ha-won-je-ta  (The  One  Horn)  ;  head  chief  of  the  Sioux 
tribe  [of  35,000,  in  1832],  dressed  in  a  costume  of 
skins,  ornamented  with  a  profusion  of  porcupine 
quills  embroidery,  and  fringes  of  scalp  locks. 

The  Sioux  tribe  contained  40  bands,  and  each  band  had 
its  chief,  subordinate  to  the  "  One  Horn." 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


b.  —    Tchon-dee  (Tobacco)  ;  second  chief  of  the  Sioux  tribe, 

celebrated  for  his  war  exploits. 

c.  —     Toh-ky-e-to  (The  Stone  with  Horns)  ;  great  counsellor 

to  the  chief,  and  medicine  man,  his  body  and  limbs 
curiously  tattooed. 

d.  —    Tchon-su-mons-ka   (the  Sandbar)  ;   wife   of  the  chief, 

with  her  infant  [pappoose],  in  its  prettily  ornamented 
crib,  or  cradle.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  10.  Ojlbbeway. 

a.  —  Gitch-e-gaw-ga-osh  (The  Point  that  Remains  Forever)  ; 
chief  of  a  band  ;  an  aged  man,  holding  his  pipe, 
his  hair  is  white  with  age,  a  rare  occurrence  amongst 
the  JSTorth  American  Indians. 

I.   (  On-daig  (The  Crow). 

c.  I  I-an-be-wa-dick  (The  Male  Caribou}. 

d.  (  Cah-be-mub-be  (He  who  Sits  Everywhere)  ;  three  young 

warriors  seated  in  council  with  the  chief. 

A  numerous  tribe,   southeast    and  west  of  Lake  Supe 
rior.     1834. 

Cart.  No.  11.  Oj  ibbe  way  . 

a.  (  Ka-bes-kunk  (He  who  Travels  Everywhere). 

b.  \  O-ta-wa   (The   Ottoway);   two   young  warriors,  in   war 

dress,  with  their  pipes  and  weapons  in  hand. 

c.  —     Ju-a-kiss-gaw  (  -  )  ;  an  Ojibbeway  woman,  wife  of 

Ka-bes-kunk,  with  her  infant  in  its  cradle,  painted 
at  the  fall  of  St.  Anthony.     1834. 

Cart.  'No.  12.  Ojibbcway. 

a.  —  Sha-co-pay  (  The  Six),  (the  killer  of  six  men)  ;  head 
chief  of  the  tribe,  in  a  costume  of  skins,  ornamented 
with  a  profusion  of  porcupine  quill  embroidery,  and 
scalp  locks. 


„._    (  --  ). 

d.  —     (  --  )  ;  three  young  boys,  sons  of  the  chief,  amusing 
themselves  with  their  bowrs  and  arrows. 

The  wildest  band  of  the  Ojibbeways,  living  west  of  Lake 
Superior,  on  the  sources  of  Red  River  of  the  North. 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  13.  Sailkie. 

a. —    Ah-mou-a     (The     Whale) ;    a    distinguished 
armed  with  his  shield,  war  club,  and  lance. 

&. —     Wa-quoth-e-qua    (The    Buctis     Wife) ;    wife   of   the 

warrior. 
c.      —  Me-sow-wahk  (The  Deer's  Hair};   a  young  boy,    12 

years  old,  the  son  of  Kee-o-kuk,  chief  of  the  tribe. 
A  small  tribe,  residing  in  Iowa  and  Illinois.     1834. 

Cart.  No.  14.  Saukie. 

a. —  Muk-a-ta-rmsh-o-ka-kaik  (The  Black  Hawk} ;  war  chief 
of  the  tribe,  made  celebrated  by  the  "Black  Hawk 
war"  which  he  got  up  and  waged  on  the  United 
States  frontier  in  1831  and  1832. 

b. —  (  Na-se-us-kuk  (2 he  Whirling  Thunder). 

c. —  (  Wa-saw-me-saw  (The  Roaring  Thunder) ;  the  two  sons 
of  Black  Hawk,  distinguished  warriors,  and  taken 
prisoners  with  him  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

d. —  |  Pam-a-ho  (Ihe  Swimmer). 

e.  —  •<  ]STa-pope  (Sowp). 

y._  (  Wa-pe-kee-suck  (The  White  Cloud),  (called  also  "the 
Prophet");  Three  warriors  made  prisoners  with 
the  Black  Hawk.  The  chief  and  his  five  warriors 
were  painted  during  their  imprisonment  in  Jefferson 
Barracks  with  cannon  balls  attached  to  their  ankles. 
1831. 

Cart.  No.  15.  Saukie. 

a. —  Kee-o-kuk  (The  Running  Fox)  ;  head  chief  of  the  tribe, 
holding  his  mace  (symbol  of  authority),  and  his  tom 
ahawk  ornamented  with  a  scalp. 

5. —  Pash-e-pa-ho  (The  Little  Stabbing  Chief) ;  an  aged  chief 
of  great  celebrity,  armed  with  his  lance,  his  shield, 
and  his  pipe. 

c. —    N"ah- wee-re-coo  ( );  a  Saukie  woman,  the  wife  of 

Kee-o-kuk;  her  dress  of  civilized  manufacture,  orna 
mented  with  ribbons  and  brass  buttons.     1834. 

Cart.  No.  16.  Saukie.    ' 

a. —  Kee-o-kuk  ( The  Punning  Fox) ;  mounted  on  a  fine  horse 
purchased  on  the  frontier  for  $300.  1834. 


10  NOBTH  AMEEICA. 


Cart.  No.  17.  Meiiomoiiic. 

a. —  Mah-kee-me-teuv  (The  Grizzly  Bear} ;  chief  of  the  tribe, 
holding  his  war  club  in  one  hand  and  a  handsome 
pipe  in  the  other. 

J. —  Chee-me-nah-na-quet  (The  Big  Cloud)  ;  son  of  the  chief 
and  heir  presumptive,  with  his  war  club  on  his  arm. 

c. —  Me-cheet-e-neuh  (The  Wounded  Beards  Shoulder) ;  a 
Menomonie  woman,  wife  of  the  chief.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  18.  Meiiomoiiie. 

a. —     Coo-coo-coo  (The  Owl) ;  an  aged  chief,  105  years  old. 

Ij. —  j  Chesh-ko-tong. 

c. —  ( "Wah-chees  ;  two  young  beaux  of  the  tribe. 

The  remains  of  a  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  decimated 
by  whiskey  and  the  small-pox.  Western  coast  of  Lake  Mich 
igan.  1830. 

Cart.  No.  19.  Ottoe. 

a. —  Raw-no-way-wash-kra  (The  Loose  Pipe  Stem) ;.  second 
chief  of  the  tribe,  in  a  splendid  dress ;  his  head  dress 
of  eagles'  quills. 

b. —  "Wa-ro-nee-saw  (The  Surrounder) ;  head  chief  of  the 
tribe  :  his  tunic  the  entire  skin  of  a  grizzly  bear,  and 
the  pipe  in  his  hand  a  calumet. 

c. —    Run-ne  ( )  ;  an  Ottoe  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

The  small  remnant  of  a  numerous  tribe  on  the  western 
shores  of  the  Missouri,  reduced  by  whiskey  and  small-pox. 
1833. 

Cart.  No.  20.  Omaha. 

N6m-ba-mon-ye  (The  Double  Walker). 

Om-pa-ton-ga  (The  Big  Elk). 

Man-sha-qui-ta  (The  Little  Soldier) ;  three  Omaha  war 
riors,  dressed  and  equipped  for  war,  with  shields, 
bows,  quivers,  and  war  clubs. 

The  small  remnant  of  a  numerous  tribe  on  the  western 
banks  of  the  Missouri,  decimated  by  whiskey  and  small-pox. 
1833. 

Cart.  No.  21.  Omaha. 

a. —  Ky-ho-ga-wa-shu-shee  (The  Brave  Chief) ;  head  chief 
of  the  tribe,  richly  dressed. 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


11 


lt Me-sow-won  ( —  — ) ;  an  Omaha  woman,  wife  of  the 

chief,  in  a  handsome  skin  dress. 

c.—  Shaw-da-mon-ne  (There  lie  goes] ;  a  warrior,  in  war  cos 
tume,  smoking  a  pipe  tomahawk.  1833. 

Cart.  No.  22.  Pawnee. 

a.—  Shon-ka-ky-hee-ga  (The  Horse  Chief)',  a  celebrated 
chief  of  the  Pawnees  of  the  Platte. 

5.—  Haw-chee-ke-sug  ga  (The  Killer  of  Osages),  an  aged 
chief  of  the  Missouries,  remnants  of  the  powerful 
tribe  of  Missourians,  now  merged  with  the  Pawnees. 

c.—     ( );  wife  of  the  chief.     1833. 

Cart.  No.  23.  Pawnee. 

fl._  /  La-doo-ke-a  (The  Buffalo  Bull). 

lm — J  L6o-ra-wee-re-coo  (The  Bird  that  Goes  to  War). 

c.—  (  Ah-sha-la-coots-a  (The  Mole  in  the  Forehead).     Three 

celebrated  warriors   of  the  Platte,  in  war  costumes 

and  equipments. 

d. —    La-looch   ( )  ;     a   Pawnee   woman,  wife   of  the 

"  Buffalo  Bull."     1833. 

Cart.  No.  24.  Pawiiee. 

a. —  Lee-shaw-loo-la-le-hoo  (The  Big  Elk) ;  second  chief  of 
the  tribe,  in  a  rich  costume  ;  his  headdress  of  war- 
eagle's  quills,  and  a  handsome  pipe  in  his  hand. 

~b. —  L'har-re-tar-rusche  (The  Ill-natured  Man)  ;  a  cele 
brated  warrior,  with  his  pipe-tomahawk  in  his 
hand. 

c.—  Lo-lock-to-h6o-la  (The  Big  Chief) ;  a  distinguished 
warrior  in  war  costume. 

A  powerful  and  warlike  tribe  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
river  Platte,  although  one-half  of  the  tribe  were  destroyed  by 
small-pox  in  1828.  1333. 

Cart.  No.  25.  Crow  (Belantsea). 

a. —  Ba-da-ah-ch6n-du  (He  who  Outjumps  Every  One) ; 
second  chief  of  the  tribe,  in  a  rich  costume,  his 
headdress  of  eagle's  quills,  and  he  carries  his  shield, 
quiver  and  lance. 


12  NOKTH  AMEKICA. 


b. —  Eeh-hee-a-duhks-chee-a  (He  who  Ties  his  Hair  J3ef ore) ; 
chief  of  a  band,  in  full  costume,  his  natural  hair 
reaching  to  the  ground. 

c. —  Bi-eets-e-cure  (The  Very  Sweet  Man)  ;  a  warrior  of 
distinction.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  26.  Crow. 

a. —  Ba-da-ah-chon-du  (He  who  Outjumps  Every  One) ; 
showing  the  back  of  his  handsome  dress,  his  robe 
ornamented  with  ermine,  and  paintings  of  his  many 
battles. 

b. —     Ings-to-a  (Always  Good) ;  wife  of  the  chief. 

c. —  Ha-chon-ko-ta  ( )  ;  a  Crow  warrior  in  war  cos 
tume.  1832. 

The  tribe  of  Crows  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  best 
organized,  and  most  friendly  of  the  American  tribes ;  numer 
ous  and  warlike ;  residing  on  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Cart.  No.  27.  Cl'OW. 

a. —  Pa-ris-ka-roo-pa  (The  Two  Crows) ;  head  chief  of  the 
tribe,  in  a  splendid  costume;  his  long  hair  descends 
to  the  ground,  and  his  headdress  the  entire  skin  of  a 
war  eagle. 

b. —  Pa-ris-ka-r6o-pa  (The  Younger) ;  "  wise  man,"  and 
counsellor  of  the  chief. 

c. —  Chah-ee-chopes  (The  Four  Wolves) ;  a  chief  distin 
guished,  of  the  tribe. 

d.—  Duhk-gits-o-oh-see  (The  lied  Bear) ;  a  celebrated 
warrior. 

e. —    Ho-ra-to-a  ( );  a  famous  warrior. 

f. —     Oo-]'e-en-ah-a  (The   Woman  who  Lives  in  the  Bear's 
j)en) ;  wife  of  the  chief.     1 832. . 

Cart.  No.  28.  Crow. 

Ba-da-ah-chon-du  (He  who  Ouijumps  All) ;  a  Crow  chief, 
on  horseback,  showing  his  rich  costume  and  the 
trappings  of  his  horse,  and  his  six  scalps,  attached 
to  his  bridle  reins ;  his  natural  hair,  eight  feet  and 
two  inches  in  length,  floating  in  the  air,  and  his 
headdress  and  that  of  his  horse,  of  war  eagle's 
quills.  1832. 


NORTH  AMERICA.  13 


Cart.  No.  29.  Crow. 

a. — ( ) ;  a  secondary  chief,  in  a  robe  orna 
mented  with  a  figure  of  the  sun. 

#t —  Steen-ver-re  (He  who  Reasons) ;  a  warrior  in  a  costume 
richly  ornamented  with  porcupine  quill  embroidery. 

c. — ( ) ;  a  Crow  woman,  wife  of  the  war 
rior.  1855. 

Cart.  No.  30.  Mandan. 

a. —  Mah-to-toh-pa  (The  Four  Bears) ;  the  war  chief  of  the 
Mandans,  a  chief  of  great  celebrity  ;  his  costume  or 
namented  with  ermine  and  scalp  locks,  and  his  head 
dress  of  eagle  quills  and  ermine,  descending  to  the 
ground,  is  surmounted  with  horns,  symbols  of  his 
authority  (like  an  Israelitish  custom  ?). 

J. —  M^-neek-e-sunk-te-ca  (The  Mink) ;  the  favorite  wife  of 
Mahtotohpa,  exhibiting  the  robe  of  the  chief,  with 
all  his  battles  painted  on  it.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  31.  Mandan. 

Seehk-hee-de  (The  Mouse-colored  Feather). 
tJn-ka-ka-hon-she-kaw  (The  Long  Finger-nails). 
Mah-tahp-ta-ha  (He  who  Rushes  through  the  Middle). 

Three  young  warriors,  painted  and  equipped  for  war ; 

their  long  hair  falling  over  their  shoulders  and  backs, 

filled  at  intervals  with  red  ochre  and  glue — a  mode 

peculiar  to  the  Mandans.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  32.  Maiidan. 

a. —  San-ja-kdh-ko-ka  (The  Deceiving  Wolf).  A  celebrated 
warrior  of  the  tribe. 


Three  warriors,  their  names  not  known. 

e. —     ( ).     A  Mandan  girl,  sister  of  one  of  the  warriors. 

1832. 

Cart.  No.  33.  Mandan. 

a. —      Ha-na-tah-nu-mauk  (The  Wolf  Chief).      Head  civil 

chief  of  the  tribe. 

b. —     H6-ra-ho-na  ( );  wife  and  child  of  the  chief. 

The  Mandans,    to  the  number  of   2,000,   inhabited   the 

Western  shore  of  the  Missouri,  1,800  miles  above  St.  Louis,  and 

were  nearly  all  destroyed  by  small  pox  the  second  year  after 

they  were  visited  by  the  author.     1832. 


14r  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  34.  Miiiatarree. 

a. —  Eehk-tohk-pa-she-pee-shaw  (The  Black  Moccasin} ;  head 
chief  of  the  tribe;  105  years  old  when  painted. 
He  is  seated  in  his  wigwam,  smoking  a  handsome 
pipe,  surrounded  by  his  family. 

The  Minatarrees  are  a  small  tribe,  living  in  one  village,  on 
the  Knife  River,  a  few  miles  above  the  Mandans,  and  speak 
ing  the  Crow  language.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  35.  Miiiatarree. 

Ee-ah-chin-che-a  (The  Red  Thunder) ;  son  of  the  Black 
Moccasin,  and  heir  apparent  to  the  office  of  chief; 
dressed  and  painted  for  war. 

( )  (The  Catfish) ;  a  beau,  in  a  beautiful  dress. 

Seet-see-be-a  (The  Mid  Day  Sun) :  an  unmarried  girl, 
in  a  very  pretty  dress  of  mountain  sheep  skins,  and 
holding  her  fan,  made  of  the  tail  of  a  war  eagle. 
1832. 

Cart.  No.  36.  Riccarree. 

a. —  Stan-au-pat  (The  Bloody  Hand) ;  head  chief  of  the 
tribe,  dressed  in  a  superb  costume  of  skins,  em 
broidered  with  porcupine  quills,  and  fringed  with 
scalp  locks. 

b. —     Ka-beck-a  ( The  Twin) ;  wife  of  the  chief. 

The  Riccarrees  are  a  small  tribe,  living  all  in  one  village, 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Missouri,  200  miles  below  the  Man- 
dans.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  37.  Riccarree. 

a. —  j  Pa-too-ca-ra  (He  Who  Strikes). 

1).  —  (  Kut-sd-ra  (The  Red  Dish) ;  two  warriors  in  war  dress 

c. —    Pshan-shaw  (The  Sweet  Scented  Grass) ;  an  unmarried 

girl,   in    a   pretty   dress   of    mountain  sheep  skins. 

1832. 

Cart.  No.  38.  Blackfoot. 

a. —  j  In-ne-6-cose  (The  Buffalo's  Child). 

1). —  |  Mix-ke-mote-skin-na  ( The  Iron  Horn) ;  two  warriors  of 

distinction,  richly  dressed,  one  of  whom  holds  his 

lance  and  medicine  bag  in  his  hand. 
c. —     Ah-kay-e-pex-en  (The  Woman  Who  Strikes)  ;  a  Blackfoot 

woman,  wife  of  one  of  the  warriors.     1832. 


NORTH  AMERICA.  15 


Cart.  No.  39.  Blackfoot. 

a.—  Stu-mik-6-suks  ( The  Buffalo's  Back  Fat) ;  chief  of  the 
Piegan  band  of  Blackfeet,  holding  a  handsome 
pipe,  and  in  a  costume  of  the  richest  kind. 

b. —  Eeh-nis-kim  (The  Crystal  Stone) ;  a  Blackfoot  woman, 
wife  of  the  chief. 

c. —  "Wun-nes-tow  ( The  White  Buffalo) ;  a  great  medicine 
man,  and  counselor  of  the  chief.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  40.  Blackfoot. 

a. —  Peh-to  pe-kiss  (TheEagle  Ribs} ;  the  war  chief  of  the 
tribe,  in  a  rich  costume  of  skins,  and  holding  two 
medicine  bags — his  own  and  another  taken  from  an 
enemy  killed  in  battle. 

1. —  Kay-on-sa-qua  (The  Blue  Bead) ;  a  Blackfoot  woman, 
wife  of  the  chief. 

c. —  Pe-no-mah-kan  (He  who  runs  up  the  Hill) ;  a  distin 
guished  warrior ;  his  headdress  formed  of  raven's 
quills. 

The  Blackfoot,  numbering  60,000,  is  the  most  numerous 
and  the  most  powerful  tribe  in  America,  residing  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  mostly  in  British  Territory.  1832. 

Cart.  No.  41.  Blackfoot. 

a. —  Stats-6o-ven  (The  Great  Archer} ;  chief  of  a  band,  in 
a  handsome  robe,  and  smoking  a  long  pipe. 

1). —    Bee-6-nas-as-sa  (The  Bear  Killer) ;  a  celebrated  hunter. 

c. —     ( ) ;  a  warrior,  seated  on  the  ground,  and  wearing 

a  handsome  Crow  Kobe.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  42.  Cainaiichee. 

a. —  Ta-wah-que-na  ( The  Mountain  of  Rocks) ;  one  of  the 
principal  chiefs  of  the  tribe,  very  corpulent,  a  thing 
exceedingly  rare  amongst  the  North  American  In 
dians. 

1. —    Hiss-oo-san-ches  ( ) ;  one   of  the  most  celebrated 

warriors  of  the  tribe,  armed  and  equipped  for  war. 

c. —    Hatch-ee  ( ) ;  a  Camanchee  woman,  wife  of  the 

war  chief.     1836. 


16  NORTH  AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  43.  Camanchee. 

^z. —    Ee-sha-ko-nee  (The  Bow  and  Quiver) ;  head   chief  of 
the  tribe. 

Ha-nee  (The  Beaver). 

Is-sa-wa-tam-ma  (The  Wolf  Tied  with  Hair). 
Ish-a-ro-ye  (He  who  Carries  a  Wolf).      Three  distin 
guished  warriors,  and  favorites  of  the  chief.     1836. 


Cart.  No.  44.  Camaiichee. 

a. —     A  group  of  Camanchee  children,  the  family  and  wig 
wam  of  the  chief. 

The  Camanchee,  numbering  30,000,  is  one  of  the  most 
warlike  and  powerful  tribes  in  America,  living  on  the  western 
frontier  of  Texas.  1836. 


Cart.  No.  45.  Pawneepict. 

a. —    "Wee-tar-ra-sha-ro  ( ) ;  head  chief  of  the  tribe,  an 

aged  and  celebrated  man. 

J. —     Sky-se-ro-ka  ( ) ;  the  leading  warrior  of  the  tribe. 

c.  (  Shee-de-a  ( Wild  Sage). 

d.  \  Kah-keet-se  (The  Thighs) ;  two  daughters  of  the  chief. 

A  small  tribe,  living  on  the  sources  of  the  Red  River,  in 
Western  Texas.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  46.  Wee-CO. 

a. —    tjsh-e-kits  (fie  who  Fights  with  a  Feather) ;  head  chief 
of  the  tribe. 

5. —    Uh-to-a  ( )  ;  a  Weeco  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

c. —    Kots-a-to-a  ( ) ;  a  distinguished  warrior. 

A  small  tribe,  near  the  sources  of  Red  River,  Western 
Texas.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  47.  Piaiikeshaw. 

a. —    Men-son-se-a  (The  Left  Hand) ;  a  celebrated  warrior. 

1). —    Lee-a  ( ) ;  wife  of  the  above  warrior. 

d. —    Kee-a-co-mo  (To  Fix  with  his  Foot). 

A  small  remnant  of  a  tribe  in  Illinois.     1830. 


NORTH     AMERICAN. 


Cart.  No.  48.  Cheyenne. 

a.  —  Ne-hee-o-woo-tis  (  The  Wolf  on  the  Hill]  ;  a  chief  of  a 
band,  ami  distinguished. 

I.  —  L6ots-a  (  -  );  a  Cheyenne  woman,  wife  of  the 
chief. 

c.  —  He-wan-e-tax  (  —  —  );  an  orator  and  medicineman. 
1833. 

Cart.  No.  49.  Cheyenne. 

a.  —  Who-na-sow-on  (  -  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  with 
shield  and  quiver  slung. 

o.  —  (  -  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  carrying  his  bow  and 
quiver. 

G.  —     A  warrior  armed  with  his  lance,  shield  and  quiver. 

A  small  but  warlike  tribe,  on  the  sources  of  the  Yellow 
stone  Kiver.     1833. 

Cart.  No.  50.  Kaskaskia. 

a.  —     Kee-mon-saw  (  The  Little  Chief}  ;  chief  of  the  tribe, 

now  reduced  to  three  persons,  the  chief,  his  aged 
mother,  and  his  little  son. 

b.  —     (  -  )  ;  the  mother  of  the  chief. 

c.  —     (  -  )  ;  the  little  son  of  the  chief. 

This  tribe,  formerly  numerous  and  warlike,  inhabited  the 
western  shores  of  the  Mississippi.     1831. 

Cart.  No.  51.  Osage  (Wasasie). 

a.-.  —  Tchong-tas-sab-be  (The  Black  Dog)  ;  the  war  chief  of 
the  tribe,  six  and  a  half  feet  high,  and  corpulent  at 
the  same  time,  and  blind  in  his  left  eye,  holding  a 
handsome  pipe  in  one  hand,  and  a  tomahawk  orna 
mented  with  a  scalp,  in  the  other. 

&.—  (  Tal-lee  (  -  ). 

o.  —  {  Ko-ha-tunk-a  (The  Big  Crow)  ;  two  of  the  most  cele 
brated  warriors  of  the  tribe,  equipped  for  war.  1836. 

Cart.  No.  52.  Osage. 

a.  —     Cler-mont  (  -  )  ;  head  chief  of  the  tribe,  armed  with 
his  war  club. 
2 


18  NORTH     AMERICA. 


b.  —     "Wa-chee-te  (  -  )  ;  an  Osage  woman,  wife  and  child 

of  the  chief. 

c.  —  j  Mun-ne-pus-kee  (He  who  Fears  Nothing). 

d.  —  (  Nah-eom-e-sah    (The  Man  of  the  Bed)  ;    two  young 

warriors,  armed  and  equipped  for  wTar. 

A  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  on  the  Kiver  Arkansaw. 

1836. 


Cart.  No.  53. 

a.  —  -  ("  Red  Jacket  ")  ;  chief  of  the  tribe,  the  most 
celebrated  Indian  of  the  American  frontier  during 
the  last  half  century.  He  was  celebrated  as  the 
chief  of  the  "  Six  Nations."  (See  Stone's  "  Life  of 
Eed  Jacket.") 

~b.  —  (  -  (The  Good  Hunter). 

c.  —  (  -  '•  —  (The  Hard  Hickory).  Two  warriors,  favorites 
of  the  chief. 

The  Seneca  was  formerly  a  powerful  and  warlike  tribe,  in 
the  State  of  New  York,  near  the  falls  of  Niagara,  now  reduced 
to  four  or  five  hundred.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  54.  Plincall. 

a.—  Hongs-kay-de  (The  Great  Chief)  ;  son  and  heir  appa 
rent  of  the  chief.  This  young  man  of  eighteen  years 
made  himself  celebrated  and  "great  medicine'"  by 
marrying  four  wives  at  the  same  instant.  The  au 
thor  was  present  at  the  ceremony.  (See  Catlin's 
"  Life  Among  the  Indians."  —  Appleton.) 

ft.  —  Hee-la-de  (The  Clear  Fountain)  ;  mother  of  Hongs- 
kayde,  and  wife  of  the  chief. 

c.—  Mong-shong-shaw  (The  Sending  Willow)  ;  one  of  the 
four  wives  of  Hongskayde  ;  probably,  like  the  oth 
ers,  between  the  age  of  twelve  and  fourteen  years. 
1832. 

Cart.  No.  55.  Puncall. 

a.—  Shoo-de-ga-cha  (Smoke)  ;  head  chief  of  the  tribe, 
wrapped  in  his  buffalo  robe,  and  surrounded  by  his 
family. 

A  small  tribe  on  the  western  shore  of  the  Upper  Missouri. 
1832. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  19 


Cart.  No.  56.  Ottowa. 

a. —  Waps-e-pee-dic  (The  Great  Orator) ;  chief  of  a  band, 
picturesquely  wrapped  in  his  blanket. 

1. —     H6o-la  ( ) ;  an  Ottawa  woman,  wife  of  the  chief, 

ornamented  with  beads  and  brass  buttons. 

c. —     On-ka-hu-ga  ( ) ;  a  warrior. 

A  small  tribe  in  Upper  Canada.     1831. 

Cart.  No.  57.  Moiligail. 

a. —  Ee-tow-o-kaum  (Both  Sides  of  the  River) ;  chief  of  the 
tribe,  civilized,  holding  his  prayer-book  in  one  hand 
and  his  cane  in  the  other. 

b. —  Wain-naw-kon  (The  Dish)\  called  also  "  John  Quin- 
ney,"  now  a  missionary  in  the  tribe. 

This  tribe,  formerly  numerous,  and  now  almost  destroyed 
by  disease  and  dissipation,  live  in  the  western  part  of  New 
York.  1830. 


Cart.  No.  58.  Pedria. 

a. —  Pa-me-cow-e-tah  (The  Man  who  Tracks) ;  this  amiable 
and  handsome  young  man  was  said  to  be  chief  of  the 
tribe,  and  an  advocate  of  temperance. 

b. —     Kee-mo-ra-nia    ( ) ;     a     young     man,    curiously 

dressed  and  painted,  and  holding  his  looking-glass 
in  his  hand. 

c. — Kel-ly  ( );  a  Peoria  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

A  small  remnant  of  a  numerous  tribe,  State  of  Illinois. 
1831. 

Cart.  No.  59.  Ojifobeway. 

Portraits  of  nine  Indians  from  Upper  Canada,  who  visited 
London  in  1845,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Rankin,  a  Canadian. 

a. —  Ah-quee-we-zaints  (The  Boy  Chief). 

1}. —  Pat-6-a-quat-o-wee-be  (The  Driving  Cloud), 

c. —  Wee-nish-ka- wee-be  ( The  Flying  Gull). 

d. —  Sa-mah  (Tobacco). 


20  NORTH    AMERICA. 


e. —    Gish-e-gosh-e-gee  (The  Moonlight  Night}. 
f. —    E~ot-een-a-akm  (The  Strong  Wind) ;  an  interpreter. 
g' —     Wos-se-ab-e-neu-ka  (An  Ojibbeway  Woman), 
h. —    !N"ish-nab-e-qua  ( —    — )  ;  a  young  woman. 

i. —     Ne-bet-ne-qua  ( ) ;  a  young  girl . 

This  troup  was  brought  to  London  for  Exhibition.     1845. 

Cart.  No.  60.  Iowa. 

Portraits  of  14  Indians  who  visited  Paris  and  London  in 
1845,  in  charge  of  Mr.  Melody,  of  Missouri, 

a. —  Mu-hu-she-kaw  ( The  White  Cloud) ;  a  chief. 

h. —  Neu-mon-ye  (The  Walking  Rain) ;   a  war  chief. 

c. —  See-n6n-ty-a  ( The  Blister  feet) ;  a   medicine  man. 

d. —  "Wash-ke  mon-ye  (The  Fast  Dancer), 

e. —  Shon-ta-y-ee-ga  (The  Little  Wolf) ;  a  warrior. 

f. —  ISTo-ho-mun-ye  (He  who  Gives  no  Attention). 

g. —  Wa-ton-ye  (The  Foremost  Man). 

h. —  "Wa-ta- wee-buck  a-nah  (Commanding  General}  ;  a  boy. 

FEMALES. 

i. —     Ku-ton-ye-wee-me  (The  Strutting  Pigeon). 
j. —    Ru-ton-wee-me  (Pigeon  on  the  Wing). 

Tc. —     O-ke-wee-me  (Female  Bear  that  walks  on  the  ~back  of 
another]. 

I. —    Koon-za-ya-me  (Female  War  Eagle). 
m.-    Ta-pa-ta-me  (  Wisdom)  ;  a  girl. 
n. —     Corsair  ;  (a  pappoose). 

The  Iowa  is  at  present  but  a  small  tribe  of  1400,  living  on 
the  lower  Missouri,  1845. 

Cart.  No.  61.  Ojifobeway. 

Portraits  of  eleven  Ojibbeway  Indians  froniUpper  Canada, 
brought  to  London  and  Paris  by  a  Canadian,  in  1845. 

Maun-gua-daus  (A  Great  Hero) ;  a  chief. 
Say-say -gon  (The  Hail  Storm). 
Kee-che-us-sin  (The  Strong  Rock) ;  a  warrior. 


NORTH     AMERICA.  21 

a. —  Mush-ee-mong  (King  of  the  Loons). ' 

e. —  Au-nim-muk-kwa-um  (The  Tempest  Bird^. 

j-. —  A-wun-ne-wa-be  (The  Bird  of  Thunder}. 

gt—  Wa-bud-dick  (The  Elk}. 

h. —  Ud-je-jok  (The  Pelican) ;  a  young  boy. 

i. —  Noo-din-noo-kay  (The  Furious  Storm) ;  a  boy. 

j. —  Min-nis-sin-noo  ( The  Brave  Warrior} ;  a  boy. 

Jc. —     Uh-wus-sig-gee-zigh-gooh-kway   (The    Woman   of    the 
Upper   World). 

( —    — ) ;  pappoose.     1845. 

Cart.  No.  62.  Olieida. 

a. —    "Wa-sas  (Bread) ;  chief  of  the  tribe. 

b. —    Lute-lute  ( ) ;  a  young  woman,  sister  of  the  chief. 

c.—     Cu-sick   ( ) ;  a  civilized   Indian,  and   a  Baptist 

missionary  in  the  tribe,  when  painted. 

The  remains  of  a  numerous  and  powerful  tribe,  in  the 
western  part  of  New  York.  In  1840,  400  of  this  tribe  passed 
into  Canada,  purchasing  there  a  tract  of  land  and,  becoming 
agriculturists,  are  said  to  be  increasing.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  63.  Delaware. 

Bod-a-sin  ( )  ;  a  celebrated  chief. 

Non-on-day-gon  ( )  ;  a  warrior  of  distinction. 

Ah-wee  ( )  ;  a  Delaware  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

The  small  remnant  of  a  once  numerous  and  warlike  tribe 
many  times  removed,  and  now  west  of  the  Mississippi.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  64.  Creek,  (Muscoyee). 

a—     Stee-cha-co-me-co  (The  Great  King) ;  called  also  "  Ben 
Ferryman,"  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribe. 

I. —     H61-te-mal-te-tez-te-neek-e  ( )  ;    called    also    Sam 

Ferryman,  brother  of  the  chief. 

c, —     ( ) ;  a  Creek  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

A  numerous  tribe  (21,000),  semi-civilized,  which  President 
Jackson  removed  from  Georgia  to  the  upper  Arkansaw. 
1836. 


22  NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart  No.  65.  Choctaw. 

a. —    Mo-sho-la-tub-be    (lie  who  puts  out  and  Mils) ;  chief 
of  the  tribe. 

£. —     Ha-choo-tuck-ne (The Snapping  Turtle);  a  young  man, 
half  caste,  and  educated. 

A  numerous  tribe   (15,000),   removed  from    Georgia  to 
upper  Arkansaw  by  President  Jackson.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  66.  Wee-all. 

a. —     Go-to-kow-pah-a  (He  who  stands  "by  himself) ;  a  young 
warrior,  armed  with  his  tomahawk. 

1. —     "Wa-pon-je-a  (The  Swari);  a  warrior. 
c. —     Swa-nee  ( ) ;  a  Weeah  woman. 

A  small  remnant  of  a  tribe,  living  in  the  State  of  Michigan. 
1834. 

Cart.  No.  67.  Semiiiolee. 

a.  fEe-mat-la  (King  Phillip). 
1.  \  Ye-how-lo-gee  (The  Cloud). 

c.  1  Co-ee-ha-jo  ( ). 

d.  [La-shee  (The  Licker)\    four  celebrated  warriors  of  the 

Seminolees,  made  prisoners  with  Osceola. 

e. —    Wont-now  ( );  a  Seminolee  woman,  wife  of  one 

of  the  warriors. 

/'. —    Os-ce-6-la  (The  Black  Drink) ;  a  young  boy,  nephew  of 
the  chief,  Osceola. 

These  portraits  were  painted  at  Fort  Moultrie,  whilst  they 
were  prisoners  of  war.     1838. 


Cart.  No.  68.  Semiiiolee. 

a.—     Os-ce-6-la  (The  Black  Drink)  \   a  celebrated  warrior, 
half  caste,  who  took  the  lead  in  the  Seminolee  war. 


c. —  (  —     — ;  two  Seminolee  women,  wives  of  Osceola. 
d. —    Mick-e-n6-pa  ( ) ;  head  chief  of  the  Seminolees. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  23 


^. —    How-e-da-hee  ( );  a  Seminolee  woman,  wife  of  the 

chief. 

A  tribe  of  3,000,  lately  removed  from  Florida  to  the  Upper 
Arkansaw,  after  a  destructive  war  with  the  United  States 
Government  for  several  years.  1838. 

Cart.  No.  69.  Kiowa. 

a. —     Teh-toot-sa  ( );  chief  of  the  tribe;  a  man  much 

distinguished  in  his  tribe. 

b. —    Bon-s6n-je  (New  Fire);  a  celebrated  warrior. 

( ) ;  a  young  woman  and  boy  [brother  and  sister]. 

A  small  tribe,  living  on  the  sources  of  the  Red  River, 
Western  Texas.  1836. 


Cart.  No.  70.  Kiowa. 

a. —    B61d-ner  ( ) ;  a  Kiowa  chief,  in  a  rich  costume, 

ornamented  with  scalp  locks  and  porcupine  quills 
embroidery,  and  armed  with  his  war  club,  his  shield, 
and  bow. 

Z>. —    Wins-ko-to-ro  ( •) ;  a  warrior,  carrying  his  shield 

and  quiver,  beautifully  dressed. 

c. —    Link-wistch  ( ) ;  a  warrior,  holding  his  war  club. 

d.—     L6o-ne  ( ) ;  wife  of  the  chief.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  71.  Cherokee. 

a. —    Jol-lee  ( ) ;   chief  of  a  band,  a  half  caste,  and 

civilized. 

£._     Tuch-ee  ( );  chief  of  a  band  [called  "Dutch,"] 

one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  frontier  Indians  of 
the  United  States. 

A  tribe  of  22,000,  civilized  and  agricultural,  transported 
by  President  Jackson  from  Georgia  to  the  Upper  Arkansaw. 
1836. 


Cart.  No.  72.  Kiekapoo. 

•a. —  Kee-an-ne-kuk  (The  Foremost  Man) ;  [called  the  "  Kiek 
apoo  Prophet,"]  at  his  wish  he  was  painted  in  the 
attitude  of  preaching. 


24  NOKTH     AMEKICA. 


b. — Ah-ton-we-tuk  (The  Cock  Turkey)  ;  an  aged  chief,  repeat 
ing  his  prayer,  carved  on  a  maple  baton  by  the 
Prophet. 

c.—  Ah-to-wot-o-mie  (—  — ) ;  a  Kickapoo  woman,  wife  of 
the  "  Prophet,"  reading  her  prayer  from  the  baton. 

A  small  remnant  of  a  tribe  living-  in  Illinois,  destroyed  by 
whiskey  and  small-pox.     1831. 


Cart.  No.  73.  Potowot Gillie. 

a.—  On-saw-kie  (The  Sac) ;  a  young  man,  repeating  his 
prayer  from  the  maple  baton,  introduced  into  this 
tribe  by  the  Kickapoo  Prophet. 

b. —  ]STa-pow-sa  (The  Bear  trawling  in  the  night) ;  one  of  the 
chiefs  of  the  tribe. 

c. —     Kee-se  (- ) ;  a  Potowotomie  woman,  reading  her 

prayer  from  the  maple  baton. 

The  small  remnant  of  a  tribe  in  Illinois.     1831. 


Cart.  No.  74.  Shawano. 

a. —  Lay-law-she-kaw  (He  who  goes  up  the  river) ;  an  aged 
chief,  having  the  rims  of  his  ears  separated  and 
elongated. 

&.—  Kay-te-qua  (The  Female  Eagle) ;  a  young  girl,  daughter 
of  the  chief. 

c.—     Pa-te-coo-saw  (The  Straight  Man) ;  a  celebrated  hunter, 

d. —  Ten-squa-ta-way  (The  Open  Doorr)\  the  celebrated 
"  Shawnee  Prophet,"  brother  of  Tecumseh ;  he  is 
blind  in  his  right  eye,  and  represented  with  his 
"sacred  string  of  beans"  in  one  hand  and  his  "mi 
raculous  fire  "  in  the  other. 

The  remains  of  a  once  numerous  and  powerful  tribe,  many 
times  removed,  and  now  living  west  of  the  Mississippi.    1831. 


Cart.  No.  75.  Assiimeboiite. 

a.—     "Wi-jun-jun  (The  Pigeon's  Egg  Head) ;  a  distinguished 
warrior,  and  oldest  son  of  the  chief. 


NORTH     AMERICA.  4& 

#.__  Chin-cha-pee  (The  Fire  Bug  that  creeps] ;  [the  Glow 
worm]  ;  the  wife  of  Wijunjon,  holding  in  her  hand 
the  baton  used  by  the  women  of  that  tribe  to  dig  the 
"  pomrne  blanche,"  a  sort  of  wild  turnip,  growing  in 
the  prairies. 

c. —     ( ) ;  the  children  of  Wijunjon. 

A  tribe  of  8,000,  living  on  the  sources  of  the  Red  River 
of  the  North.     1832. 


Cart.  No.  76. 

clt —  Eeh-tow-ees-ka-zeet  (He  who  has  eyes  behind  him)  ; 
called  "  Bras-Casse  "  (The  Broken  arm} ;  a  distin 
guished  warrior,  in  a  superb  costume,  who  had 
fought  most  of  his  battles,  and  killed  six  of  his 
enemies,  with  his  left  hand. 

5. —     Tse-mount  (A  Great  Wonder) ;  a  boy,  son  of  the  war 
rior. 
c.—     Kee-wet  (The  Cup) ;  wife  and  child  of  the  warrior. 

A  wild  and  warlike  tribe  of  8,000,  living  principally  in 
British  Territory  and  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  77.  Arapaho. 

a. —  Ha-nis-krah  (He  sees  through  the  fog) ;  one  of  the 
chiefs,  chief  of  a  band,  wearing  a  robe  made  of  the 
skin  of  a  grizzly  bear. 

b. —    Hoo  ( ) ;  an  Arapaho  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

c. —  Too-jen-ux-ta  (The  Great  Jumper) ;  a  celebrated  warrior 
and  hunter. 

A  small,  but  warlike  tribe,  south  of  the  sources  of  the 
Platte.     1834, 


Cart.  No.  78.  Arapaho. 

a. —     Ben-6-ven  ( ) ;    a  distinguished    wrarrior,   armed 

with  his  lance  and  quiver,  and  wearing  a  necklace 
made  of  grizzly  bear's  claws. 

b. —     Hooxt-6-ven  ( );  a  celebrated  warrior,  equipped 

for  war. 


26  NORTH    AMERICA. 


€.—     ( ) ;  an  Arapaho  woman,  the  mother  of  the  two 

warriors.     1836. 


Cart.  No.  79.  Mic-Mac. 

a.—     Muk-e-wis-kag  ( The  Great  Talker) ;  a  famous  salmon 
spearer,  armed  with  his  rifle. 

&.—     ( );  a  Mic-Mac  woman,  the  wife  of  the  "Great 

Talker." 

c. — Wil-na-wil-ta  ( );  a  warrior. 

Remains  of  a  numerous  tribe  in  Lower  Canada.  Semi- 
civilized.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  80.  Tiis-ka-ro-ra. 

a. —     Roohts-tiib-be  ( );  a  warrior. 

~b. —     Nu-gee-o-hants-a  ( ) ;  a  warrior. 

c.—     Fin-nee  ( )  ;  a  Tuskarora  woman. 

The  small  remnant  of  a  numerous  and  warlike  tribe. 
1830. 

Cart.  No,  81 .  Navaho. 

a. —     Tchongs-tee  ( ) ;  a  warrior. 

1).—     Na-qua-s&b-be  (He  fears  no  one}. 

c. —     Hoocht-a  ( ) ;  a  Navaho  woman. 

A  small  tribe  in  New  Mexico,  friendly  and  civilizing. 
1836. 

•Cart.  No.  82.  Ball  Players. 

a. —     Tul-lock-chish-ko  (He  who  drinks  the  juice  of  the  stone) ; 
the  most  celebrated  ball  player  of  the  Choctaws. 

~b.—     Wee-ehush-ta-doo-ta  (The    Very  Red  Man) ;  the  most 
celebrated  player  of  the  Sioux. 

c. —     Ah-no-je-nahge  (He  who  stands  on  both  sides)  the  most 
celebrated  ball  player  of  the  Ojibbeways. 

These  three  young  men  were  each  designated  by  the  chiefs 
as  the  most  celebrated  players  of  their  tribes.  They  are  in 
their  ball  costumes,  and  with  their  rackets  in  hand.  1834-6. 


NORTH     AMERICA. 


27 


Cart.  No.  S3.  Assiiiefooiiie. 

a.—  Wi-jun-jon  (The  Pigeon's  Egg  Head) ;  an  Assineboine 
chief,  on  his  way  to  Washington,  invited  by  Presi 
dent  Jackson,  iu  1832. 

£._  Wi-jun-ion  (The  Pigeon's  Egg  Head*)',  on  his  return  to 
the  Upper  Missouri,  in  1«33.  These  portraits  were 
both  painted  in  St.  Louis,  on  his  way  to  Washington, 
and*  on  his  return,  in  the  costumes  here  represented, 
showing  the  effects  of  one  year  of  civilizing  in  the 
city  of  Washington. 

Cart.  No.  84.  Apachee. 

#.__    Be-las-o-qiia-na  ( ) ;  called  the  "  Spanish  Spur  "- 

chief  of  a  band,  celebrated  for  his  battles  with  the 
Mexicans. 

b.  (  Mc-war-ra  (The  Horse  Catcher). 

c.  \  Nah-quat-se-o  ( ). 

d.  {  Hu-tah  ( ) ;  three  warriors  armed  and  equipped  for 

war.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  85.  Apachee, 

a. —     Quoth-e-qua-ra  ( ) ;  chief  of  a  band,  armed  with 

bow  and  quiver. 

I.—    Mine-sin-ne  ( );   a  celebrated  warrior,  carrying 

his  shield,  quiver  and  lance. 


d.  I '; 


two  warriors,  names  not  known. 


Cart.  No.  86.  Apachee. 

a. —     Chin-hool-hool-a  ( ) ;  a  celebrated  Apachee  of  the 

Ghila,  wearing  a  handsome  robe,  with  his  battles 
painted  on  it. 

J. —     Chash-ka  ( ) ;  a  warrior,  armed  with  his  lance. 

c. — Til-dee  ( ) ;  an  Apachee  woman. 

The  Apachees  are  a  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  number 
ing  30,000,  and  reside  on  the  Rio  Ghila,  and  in  New  Mexico, 
east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  1855. 


28  NORTH     AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  87.  Shoshdnee  (Snake). 

a.—  Yau-nau-sliau-pix  ( ) ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  wear 
ing  a  handsome  Crow  robe,  taken  from  a  Crow  chief 
killed  in  battle. 

&. —  j  ISTau-en-sau-pic  ( ). 

c. —  (  On-da-wout  ( ) ;  two  young  warriors,  celebrated 

for  their  exploits. 

The  Shoshonee  is  a  tribe  of  12,000,  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  88.  §hosll6liee. 

a. —  (  Oon-jes-sie  ( ). 

1). —  •<  Tis-sim-un-ye  ( ). 

c. —  (  Wat-e-goes-bil    ( ) ;    three    handsome    warriors, 

armed  and  equipped  for  war.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  89.  Flathead. 

a.—     Hoogst-ah-a  ( ) ;  chief  of  a  band,  wrapped  in  his 

blanket. 

b. —     Lee-le  ( ) ;  a  Flathead  woman,  wife  of  the  chief, 

with  her  infant  in  its  crib  [or  cradle]  undergoing  the 
process  of  flattening  the  head. 

c.—     ( ) ;  a  Flathead  boy,  taking  salmon  with  his  har 
poon  arrows. 

A  numerous  tribe,  inhabiting  the  lower  Columbia  and  Van 
couver's  Island. 


Cart.  No.  90.  Flathead. 


Ya-tax-ta-coo  (  -  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior. 

5.—     Yun-ne-yun-ne  (—      —  )  ;  a  young  boy,  with  his  salmon 
bow  and  harpoon  arrows. 

c.  —     Las-tee  (—      —  )  ;  a  Flathead  woman,  with  her  infant 
undergoing  the  process  of  flattening  the  head.    1855. 

Cart.  No.  91.  Flathead. 

a.  —     (  -  )  ;  the  chief  of  a  band,  at  the  Dalles. 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


;  two  Flathead  women,  wives  of  the  chief,  sel 
ling  salmon. 
) ;  a  young  boy,  son  of  the  chief. 


Cart.  No.  92.  Mezperce. 

a.—  j  Iiee-6hks-te-kin  (The  EabUt  Skin  Leggings}. 

I. —  (  H'co-a-h'co-a-h'coates-iniri  \No  horns  on  his  head)  ;  two 

young  warriors,  in  Blackfoot  dresses,  given  to  them 

by  Sublette,  a  fur-trader. 
c.—     Hee-doghts-e-ats  ( ) ;  a  boy  of  14  years. 

A  band  of  the  great  Flathead  tribe,  though  they  do  not 
flatten  the  head.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  93.  Mayas. 

a.  —  "Wuhxt  (  --  )  ;  the  chief  of  a  band,  with  his  ears 
elongated  and  ornamented  with  large  blocks  of  wood. 

&.  —     (  ---  )  ;  a  Nay  as  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

c.  —  (  --  )  ;  a  young  man,  holding  a  handsome  paddle  :  his 
under  lip  supports  an  oval  block  of  wood. 

A  numerous  tribe  on  Queen  Charlotte's  Island  and  on  the 
mainland  facing  it. 

Cart.  No.  94.  Mayas. 

a—     Tsa-hau-mixen  (  -  )  ;  said  to  be  a  secondary  chief. 

&•  —  Ivib-be  (The  Night  Bird)  ;  a  Kay  as  woman,  the  young 
wife  of  the  chief,  wearing  in  her  under  lip  an  oval 
block  of  wood,  two  and  a  half  inches  in  length. 
1855. 


Cart.  No.  95. 

a.  —    Eeh-zep-ta-say-a  (  -  )  ;  an  aged  man,  said  to  be  a 
chief. 

1.—     Wy-en-wy-en-ne  (  -  )  ;  grandchild  of  the  chief,  with 
the  block  of  wood  in  her  under  lip. 

c.—    (  -  )  ;  a  ISTayas  boy.     1855. 


30  NOETH     AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  96.  tfytia. 

a. —  j  Stu-ben-sal-la  (The  Good  Natured  Man). 

1. —  (  Lips-lips-ketch.  ( );  two  young  men,  equipped  for 

fishing. 

A  small  tribe  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  between  Vancouver 
and  Queen  Charlotte's.    1855. 


Cart.  No.  97.  Chinook. 

Haunts-crash  ( ). 

O-sil-le  (The  Swimming  Stone). 

Blats-quiver  ( ) ;  three  young  men,  in  a  group. 

A  small  tribe,  a  band  of  the  Flatheads,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Columbia  River.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  98.  Klah-o-qualit. 

a. —     Loon-dogst  ( ) ;  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribe  ;  a 

celebrated  and  dignified  man. 

b. —     Chin-nee  ( ) ;  a  Klahoquaht  woman,  wife  of  the 

chief. 

c.—     ( )  ;  a  son  of  the  chief,  his  head  flattened. 

A  small  tribe,  a  band  of  the  Flatheads,  on  the  west  coast 
of  Vancouver's  Island.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  99.  Klatsop. 

a. —     Thule-cher-re  ( ) ;  a  handsome  young  man,  hold 
ing  his  paddle. 

5. —     (, )  •  a  warrior,  with  his  bow  and  arrows. 

c>_     ( )  •  a  Klatsop  woman,  wife  of  one  of  the  warriors. 

A  small  tribe,  forming  one  of  the  bands  of  the  Flatheads. 

Cart.  No.  100.  Wal-law&l-la. 

a>_     ( )  •  one  of  the  chiefs,  secondary,  a  distinguished 

man. 

I, —     ( )  •  a  warrior,  armed  with  his  bow  and  arrows. 

c< —     ( )  •  a  Wall  aw  alia  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

A  small  band  of  the  Flathead  tribe,  north  of  Columbia  River. 


NOETH     AMERICA.  31 


Cart.  No.  101.  Y  fit-tall. 

a. —      (The  Man  who  Thinks)',  a  medicine  man  and 

orator,  celebrated. 

b. —     Yes-to-ma ~  (He  guards  the  Pass) ;  a  warrior,  armed  and 
equipped  for  war. 

A  warlike  tribe  of  5,000,  living  south  and  west  of  the 
Great  Salt  Lake.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  102.  &toiie. 

a.  —     See-de-guts  (  --  );  a  warrior,  bis  shield  on  bis  arm, 

and  bow  in  band. 

b.  —  j  -  ;  a  stone  woman,  wife  of  the  warrior. 

-  .  a  young  boy. 


A  small  tribe  in  British  Territory. 

Cart.  No.  103.  Copper. 

a.  —    Wun-nes-to-ye-when  (  -  )  ;  a  chief,  armed  with  his- 
shield  and  bow. 

£p_     (  -  )  •  a  Copper  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 


A  small  tribe  in  British  Territory.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  104.  Spokan. 

a.  —     Sims-tow-el  (  --  )  ;  said  to  be  a  chief,  in  a  handsome 

dress,  carrying  his  shield  and  bow. 

b.  —     Jim-jim-ten-ne  (  -  )  ;   a   celebrated    warrior,   with 

shield  and  lance. 

c.  —     (  -  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  with  his  little  boy. 

A  small  tribe  in  British  Territory. 

Cart.  No.  105.  Athapasca. 

a.  —  Ye-h6ots-ah-a  (The  /Sleepy  Eyes}  ;  chief  of  a  band,  his 
headdress  of  bear's  skin,  and  his  necklace  of  grizzly 
bears'  claws. 

1).  —  Kol-o-wos-ka  (  -  )  ;  a  warrior,  armed  and  equipped 
for  war. 


3'2  NORTH    AMERICA. 


c.—     Ohkst  ( ) ;    au   Athapasca  woman,  wife  of   the 

chief. 

A  small  tribe,  inhabiting  British  and  Russian  Territories. 
1855. 


Cart.  No.  106.  Dogrib. 

~a. — Gux-tcha-when  ( );    a  secondary  chief,  wearing  a 

collar  of  grizzly  bears'  claws. 

».—  t . . 

Ct —  J ;  two  young  men,  names  not  known. 

d. —  (  -       — ;  child  of  the  chief. 

A  small  tribe,  living  in  British  and  Russian  possessions. 

Cart.  No.  107.  Seli§ll. 

a. —    TJ-na-sits  (He  who  complains) ;  a  warrior  who  had  taken 
five  scalps. 

1}. —     O6-na  ( —      — ) ;  a  young  man,  wearing  a  tunic  made 
of  the  skin  of  a  grizzly  bear. 

,c< —     See-cha  (—      — )  ;  wife  of  the  warrior. 

A  small  band  of  the  Flathead  tribe,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Pacific,  British  Columbia.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  108.  Cliippetvyaii. 

a. —    Gua-be-med-gwin-ne  ( ) ;  a  celebrated  warrior  and 

hunter. 

I.—     Mn-jee  (The  Unknown) ;  a  warrior,  equipped  for  war. 

c. —    Ha-te-qua    (The    Eagles    Mother) ;     a     Chippewyan 
woman. 

A  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  living  north  of  the  K'niste- 
neux,  in  British  possessions.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  109.  Esquimaux. 

a. —     Mole-hule-be-du-be  (The  .Rising  Sun). 
&.—     Pet-ti-au-be  (The  Black  Day}, 
c. —     (—      — ) ;  an  Esquimaux  woman. 

A  numerous  tribe,  coast  of  Labrador.     1855. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  33 


Cart.  No.  110.  Alaeutian. 

a.—     Whelts-bel-le  (The  Snow  Walker)  ;  a  secondary  chief, 
livin     near  Liska. 


.  —     Seals-cher-re  (—      —  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior  and  hunter, 
armed  and  equipped  for  war. 


0.  —      --  •  a  young  warror. 

A  small  tribe,  on  the  Alaeutian  Islands. 

Cart.  No.  ill.  Na  valid. 

a.  —    Bran-din-ye  (  The  Hard  Breather)  ;  said  to  be  a  chief. 


— ;  two  young  warriors,  armed  and  equipped  for 
war. 

A  small  and  friendly  tribe  of  New  Mexico.     1836. 


Cart.  No.  112,  Cochimtee. 

a. —  Sthan-to  ( ) ;  said  to  be  chief  of  a  band,  his  head 
dress  formed  of  a  cotton  shawl,  and  his  robe  a  red 
blanket. 

&. —  Cha-nith-co  ( —  — );  a  distinguished  warrior,  resting 
on  his  bow,  and  his  splendid  hair  falling  over  his 
back. 

c. —     Mel-mel  ( ) ;    a  Cochimtee  woman,  wife  of  the 

chief. 

A  small  tribe  of  Mexico,  south,  of  the  Ghila.     1855. 


Cart.  No.  113.  Mohave. 

a.  —    Dunt-se-6-ho  (—      —  );  one  of  the  chiefs  of  the  tribe, 
handsomely  dressed. 

&.  —    •  -  ;  (The  Strong  Runner)  \  a  celebrated  warrior,  in 


war  costume. 

c.  —     Mingst  (  —    —  )  ;  a  Mohave  woman,  wife  of  the  war 
rior. 

A  small  tribe  of  Mexico,  south  of  the  Rio  Ghila.    . 
3 


34:  NORTH     AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  114.  Yiima. 

a. —    ( ) ;  a  secondary  chief,  armed  with  his  war  club. 

5. —    Jeems-fer-re  ( ) ;    a  young  warrior,    with   shield 

and  lance. 

c. —     ( ) ;  a  young  girl,  daughter  of  the  chief. 

A  very  small  tribe,  semi-civilized,  south  of  the  Grhila.  1855. 

Cart.  No.  115.  Yu-may-a. 

a. —    ( ) ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  armed  and  equipped 

for  war. 

£. —     ( ) ;  a  warrior  in  war  costume. 

c. —    ( )  ;  a  celebrated  orator  and  medicine  man. 

A  small  tribe  of  Mexico,  north  and  south  of  the  Rio  Ghila. 

Cart.  No.  116.  Maya. 

a. —     Ma-ha-ta-nise  ( )  ;  a  medicine  man  and  orator. 

1). —     Chooxt  ( ) ;  a  hunter,  armed  with  his  bow  and 

arrows. 

c. —     ( )  ;  a  Maya  woman,  wife  of  the  hunter. 

Remains  of  the  once  numerous  tribe  of  Mayas  of  Yucatan. 
These  Indians  are  supposed  by  some  writers  to  have  been  the 
builders  of  the  stupendous  edifices  now  in  ruins  in  Yucatan. 
1855. 


Cart.  No.  117. 

"WA-NAH-DE-TUNK-A  (The  Black  Dog)  ;  war  chief  of  a  band  of 
Sioux,  living  on  the  St.  Peter's  river. 

Cart.  No.  118. 

TTJCH-EE  ( ) ;  a  celebrated  war  chief  of  the  Cherokees. 

Cart.  No.  119. 

SEE-NON-TY-A  (The  Feet  Blisterer) ;   a   celebrated   medicine 
man  of  the  loways. 

Cart.  No.  120. 

MU-HU-SHE-KAW  (The  White  Cloud}',  head  chief  of  the  loways. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  35 


Cart.  No.  121. 

PAM-A-HO  (The  Swimmer) ;  a  great  warrior  of  the  Saukies. 

Cart.  No.  122. 

EEH-HEE-A-DUHKS-CHEE-A  (He  Who  Ties  His  Hair  Before); 
chief  of  the  Crow  tribe. 

Cart.  No.  123. 

EE-AH-SA-PA  (The  Black  Rock) ;  the  war  chief  of  the  Sioux. 

Cart.  No.  124. 

DOXT-O-HO  ( ) ;  a  Cheyenne  warrior. 

Cart.  No.  125. 

KA-BES-KUNK  (He  Who  Travels  Everywhere) ;  an  Ojibbeway 
chief. 


Indian   Manners   and   Customs. 

Cart.  No.  126. 

AN  OJIBBEWAY  TILLAGE,  of  skin  tents. — The  western  portion 
of  this  tribe  build  their  tents,  like  the  Sioux,  with 
buffalo  skins  curiously  painted  and  ornamented. 

Cart.  No.  127. 

TILLAGE  OJIBBEWAY. — IsTear  the  fall  of  St.  Anthony,  construct 
ed  of  bark.  Their  canoes,  built  of  the  same  material, 
are  brought  from  the  river  and  placed  by  the  side  of 
their  wigwams  for  protection. 

Cart.  No.  128. 

A  LITTLE  Sioux  VILLAGE. — The  tents  constructed  of  skins;  the 
hunters  are  bringing  in  buffalo  meat,  which  the 
women  are  drying,  whilst  they  are  dressing  buffalo 
robes. 

Cart.  No.  129. 

MANDAN  VILLAGE  (A  Bird's  Eye  View). — The  wigwams,  cover 
ed  with  earth,  are  from  40  to  60  feet  in  diameter,  and 
often  contain  from  30  to  40  persons.  The  village  is 
protected  on  one  side  by  the  precipitous  bank  of  the 
Missouri  river,  and  on  the  other  by  palisades,  and  is 
1,800  miles  above  St.  Louis. 


36 


NORTH     AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  130. 

MANDAN  VILLAGE  (A  Distant  View). — NTear  by  it  is  seen  the- 
American  Fur  Company's  trading  fort. 

Cart.  No.  131. 

MANDAN  TILLAGE. — View  of  the  Missouri  above  the  village, 
whilst  the  women  and  children  are  bathing — their 
daily  amusement  during  the  summer  season. 

Cart.  No.  132. 

INTERIOR  OF  A  MANDAN  WIGWAM. — The  chief  is  smoking  his 
pipe  whilst  he  is  surrounded  by  his  family. 

Cart.  No.  133. 

THE  AUTHOR  FEASTED  in  the  wigwam  of  Mah-to-toh-pa,  the 
war  chief  of  the  Mandans  ;  dining  on  a  roast  rib  of 
buffalo  and  pemican.  The  chief,  by  the  polite 
custom  of  the  country,  never  eats  with  his  invited 
guest,  but  sits  by  him,  waiting  upon  him,  and 
cleaning  and  charging  the  pipe  for  a  sociable  smoke 
after  the  feast  is  over. 

Cart.  No.  134. 

MANDAN  VILLAGE. — A  back  view,  showing  their  cemetery. 
The  dead  of  the  Mandans  are  enveloped  in  a  number 
of  buffalo  skins  tightly  bandaged  with  rawhide 
thongs,  and  placed  on  slight  scaffolds,  where  they 
remain  until  the  scaffolds  fall,  when  the  bones  of 
the  heads  are  placed  in  circles  on  the  ground,  where 
the  women,  relatives  of  the  dead,  daily  bring  dishes 
of  meat  and  place  by  the  side  of  them. 

Cart.  No.  135. 

RICCARREE  VILLAGE. — 200  miles  below  the  Mandans,  on  the 
same  bank  of  the  Missouri ;  their  wigwams  built  in 
the  same  manner  as  those  of  the  Mandans,  and  pro 
tected  by  a  stockade,  in  the  same  way. 

Cart.  No.  136. 

MINATARREE  VILLAGE. — 7  miles  above  the  Mandans,  on  the 
bank  of  the  Knife  River,  and  the  wigwams,  like 
those  *of  the  Mandans,  covered  with  earth.  The 
author  and  his  two  men,  crossing  the  Knife  River  in 
a  skin  canoe,  are  followed  by  bathing  women,  who 
are  begging  for  beads  and  other  presents. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  37 


Cart.  No.  137. 

CAMANCHEE  VILLAGE. — On  the  Red  River,  in  Texas,  formed  of 
1,200  skin  tents,  curiously  painted  and  embroidered. 

Cart.  No.  138. 

SHAM  FIGHT  OF  THE  CAMANCHEES. — Ordered  by  the  chief  of  a 

small  village,  to  show  to  the  author  the  mode  of 

combat  by  his  warriors. 

Cart.  No.  139. 

CHEYENNE  TILLAGE. — Formed  of  skin  tents,  like  those  of  the 
Sioux. 

Cart.  No.  140. 

PAUNEEPICT  VILLAGE. — On  the  Red  river,  in  western  Texas. 
The  wigwams  are  constructed  with  poles  fixed  in  the 
ground,  and  covered  with  long  prairie  grass,  resem 
bling,  in  the  distance,  straw  bee  hives ;  vast  fields 
of  corn  and  melons  encompassed  the  village. 

•Cart.  No.  141. 

BUFFALOES  (bulls  and  cows)  grazing  in  the  prairie. 

•Cart.  No.  142. 

WILD  HORSES  at  play  in  the  prairies  of  the  Platte. 

Cart.  No.  143. 

CATCHING  WILD  HORSES  with  the  lasso. — Pawnee  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  144. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — The  Indian,  having  captured  a  wild  horse, 
uses  it  for  the  support  of  his  family. 

Cart.  No.  145. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — A  numerous  group  of  Sioux  Indians,  with 
bows  and  lances,  are  pursuing  a  herd  of  buffaloes. 

Cart.  No.  146. 

BUFFALO  CHASE  (with  accidents). — This  scene,  which  was  wit 
nessed  by  the  author,  shows  that  the  fretted  buffaloes 
often  turn  upon  their  assailants  and  give  them  furious 
battle. 

Cart.  No.  147. 

BUFFALO  CHASE  (in  the  snow  drifts). — The  Ojibbeway  Indians 
pursuing  the  herds  on  snow  shoes. 


38  NORTH    AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  148. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — The  author  and  a  Sioux  Indian,  hidden  un 
der  wolf  skin  masks,  approaching  a  herd  of  buffaloes. 

Cart  No.  149. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — The  author  and  his  Indian  companion  at 
tacking  the  herd. 

Cart.  No.  150. 

APPROACHING  BUFFALOES. — By  the  author  and  his  two  com 
panions,  in  a  ravine,  whilst  descending  the  Missouri, 

in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  151. 

AN  INTERRUPTED  BREAKFAST  (on  the  bank  of  the  Missouri), 
— The  author  and  his  two  companions. 

Cart.  No.  152. 

A  BUFFALO  WALLOW. — In  hot  weather,  in  marshy  ground, 
the  leader  of  a  herd  opens  a  hole  in  the  ground  with 
his  horns,  into  which  the  water  flows.  Into  this  he 
plunges,  and  whirling  his  huge  carcass  about  in  it, 
like  a  "  pig  in  the  mire,"  drills  it  to  a  large  size,  and, 
having  cooled  himself,  and  walked  out  covered  with 
mud,  the  rest  of  the  herd  go  through  in  the  same 
manner,  leaving  a  huge  circular  pool,  into  which 
vegetable  matter  eventually  fills,  and  throwing  up  a 
rank  growth  of  grass,  produces  what  have  been 
called  u  Fairy  Circles." 

Cart.  No.  153. 

BUFFALO  CHASE.— It  is  here  seen  that  the  buffalo  chase 
becomes  very  dangerous  when  the  calves  are  young, 
the  male  at  that  time  always  in  attendance  for  their 
protection. 

Cart.  No.  154. 

BULLS  FIGHTING. — During  the  season  of  rut,  the  battles  of 
these  animals  are  continued  and  terrible. 

Cart.  No.  155. 

GRIZZLY  BEARS. — K'nisteneux  Indians  attacking  two  grizzly 
bears,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone  river,  in 
1832.  One  of  these  huge  animals  was  killed,  and 
its  skin  is  now  in  the  author's  collections. 


NORTH   AMERICA.  39 

Cart.  No.  156. 

AMUSING  DANCE  (by  the  Saukie  Indians). — This  dance  is  often 

given  before  strangers  for  their  amusement,  and  with 

the  view  of  obtaining  presents. 

Cart.  No.  157. 

AMUSING  DANCE  (by  the  Sioux). — Improperly  called  the  "  Beg 
gar's  Dance,"  though  evidently  offered  to  strangers 
with  the  expectation  of  obtaining  presents. 

Cart.  No.  158. 

SLAVES'  DANCE  (Saukie). — The  Society  of  "  Slaves,"  always 
existing  in  this  tribe,  is  composed  of  eight  or  ten 
young  men  of  the  first  families,  who  volunteer  to  be 
slaves  to  the  chief,  to  protect  him,  and  to  perform  all 
that  he  commands.  They  associate  for  a  certain 
number  of  years,  after  which  they  are  exempt,  for  the 
remainder  of  their  lives,  from  all  slavish  or  menial 
duties,  both  in  war  or  in  times  of  peace.  They 
elect  one  of  their  number  for  their  master,  who 
orders  the  dance  and  other  services. 

Cart.  No.  159. 

PIPE  DANCE  (Assinneboin). — A  peculiar  and  amusing  recrea 
tion  of  that  tribe. 

Cart.  No .  160. 

DANCE  TO  THE  MEDICINE  BAG  OF  THE  BRAVE  (Saukie). — On  the 
return  of  a  victorious  war  party,  they  perform  this 
dance  and  brandish  their  scalps,  in  front  of  the  wig 
wam  of  one  of  the  party  who  has  been  killed  in 
battle.  The  widow  of  the  deceased  warrior  erects, 
on  a  green  bush,  his  medicine  bag,  and  sits  under 
neath  it  and  cries,  whilst  the  warriors  dance  and 
sing,  and  recite  the  brave  deeds  of  his  life,  and 
throw  presents  to  the  widow,  exclaiming  in  presence 
of  the  whole  village,  that  they  will  protect  and 
support  her  while  she  lives.  (What  barbarity !) 

Cart.  No.  161. 

EAGLE  DANCE  (Choctaw). — An  annual  ceremony  in  honor  to 
the  war  eagle.  Each  dancer  carries  a  fan,  made  of 
the  eagle's  tail,  and  ornaments  his  head  with  an 
eagle's  quill. 

Cart.  No.  162. 

DANCE  TO  THE  BERDASH  (SauMe). — A  dance  peculiar  to  that 
tribe,  given  annually  to  the  "  Berdash,"  a  singular 


40  NORTH    AMERICA. 


personage  clothed  in  woman's  attire,  for  reasons  not 
permitted  to  be  explained  here.  The  dancers  par 
take  of  a  feast  after  the  dance. 

Cart.  No.  163. 

Sioux  WARRIORS  RECONNOITERING  an  Ojibbeway  village,  on 
the  shore  of  Lake  Calhoun. 

Cart.  No.  164. 

CHIEFS'  DANCE. — This  dance  was  given  in  compliment  to  the 
author,  by  the  venerable  chiefs  of  a  Sioux  village, 
who  had  ceased  dancing  for  many  years. 

Cart.  No.  165. 

BEAR  DANCE  (K'nistenewv). — The  "Bear  Society,"  formed  of 
young  men  who  assemble  in  the  village  and  dance 
and  sing  to  the  "  Bear  Spirit,"  for  the  safety  and 
success  of  the  hunters  who  start  in  pursuit  of  a 
lurking  Grizzly  Bear.  When  the  hunters  return 
successful,  the  society  demand  of  the  hunter  a  grand 
feast,  and  the  feast  being  prepared,  this  grotesque 
dance  is  given. 

Cart.  No.  166. 

SCALP  DAN.CE  (Sioux). — This  dance  is  performed  on  fifteen 
successive  nights  by  a  war  party  returning  from  battle 
with  scalps  ;  it  is  danced  only  by  those  who  have 
brought  scalps,  and  these  trophies  are  elevated  by 
young  girls  who  occupy  the  center  of  the  dance. 
By  this  exciting  exhibition  in  presence  of  the  whole 
village,  the  exploits  of  their  warriors,  who  have  no 
newspapers  or  records,  are  efficiently  published  and 
recorded. 

Cart.  No.  167. 

DISCOVERY  DANCE  (Scuukie). — This  is  one  of  the  most  curious 
and  picturesque  dances  to  be  seen,  and  is  given 
without  music — strictly  a  pantomime.  Spies  are 
seen,  dancing  out  and  announcing,  by  signals,  the 
pretended  approach  of  enemies  or  buffaloes. 

Cart.  No.  168. 

GREEN  CORN  DANCE  (Minatarrees) . — When  the  maize  arrives 
at  full  growth,  the  first  gathered  is  offered  to  the 
Great  Spirit.  The  warriors  dance  around  the  first 
kettlefnl  whilst  it  is  boiling,  and,  when  done,  it  is 
burned  to  cinders,  as  an  offering  to  the  Great  Spirit. 
Another  kettleful  is  then  boiled,  on  which  the 
dancers  feast,  and,  after  that,  the  whole  tribe  join  in 
the  grand  festival  of  "  Green  Corn." 


NORTH    AMERICA.  41 


Cart.  No.  169. 

SNOW  SHOE  DANCE  (Ojibbeway). — This  picturesque  dance  is 
given  by  the  hunters,  with  songs  of  thanks  to  the 
Great  Spirit,  when  the  first  snow  of  winter  falls, 
which  is  to  improve  their  hunting. 

Cart.  No.  170. 

DOG  DANCE  (Sioux). — A  singular  custom  peculiar  to  the  Sioux 
tribe.  For  this  a  dog  is  killed,  and  the  heart  being 
taken  out,  it  is  cut  into  hanging  bits,  suspended 
from  a  stake.  To  enter  the  dance,  each  dancer  makes 
his  boast  that  in  this  way  he  has  swallowed  a  bit  of 
the  heart  of  an  enemy  killed  in  battle.  No  one  de 
nying  it,  he  dances  up  to  the  stake,  and,  biting  off  a 
piece  of  the  heart  and  swallowing  it,  he  enters  the 
dance. 

Cart.  No.  171. 

BUFFALO  DANCE  (Mandari).— "When  the  buffaloes  disappear,  and 
the  Mandans  have  fears  of  starvation,  the  medicine 
men  of  the  tribe  order  the  commencement  of  this 
singular  dance,  to  "  make  the  buffaloes  come,"  in 
which  it  has  never  been  known  to  fail,  for  once  being 
commenced,  it  is  not  allowed  to  stop,  either  night  or 
day,  until  buffalo  herds  are  discovered  by  the  hunt 
ers  in  the  vicinity  of  the  village. 

Cart.  No.  172. 

PAWNEE  WARRIOR  SACRIFICING  his  favorite  horse  to  the  Great 
Spirit ;  Tappage  Pawnee  village,  1832.  This  singu 
lar  scene  transpired  in  presence  of  the  whole  vil 
lage,  and,  during  the  same  day,  this  young  man  sacri 
ficed,  in  the  same  manner,  seventeen  horses,  for  some 
offense  to  the  Great  Spirit,  of  the  nature  of  which 
no  one  but  himself  and  the  Great  Spirit  were  ever 
cognizant. 

(Authority,  Maj.  Sanford,  then  Indian  Agent  for  the  Upper 
Missouri.) 

Cart.  No.  173. 

GAME  OF  TCHTJNGKEE  (Mandari). — An  exciting  and  gambling 
game  of  the  Mandans. 

Cart.  No.  174. 

GAME  OF  THE  ARROW  (Mandari). — A  very  exciting  game  of  the 
young  men  of  the  Mandan  tribe,  in  which  the  strife 
is  to  decide  who  can  get  the  greatest  number  of  ar- 


42  NORTH     AMERICA. 


rows,  from  the  same  bow,  flying  in  the  air  at  the 
same  time.  Each  player  pays  an  entrance  fee,  and 
in  some  instances  they  have  been  known  to  get  ten 
arrows  up  before  the  first  thrown  gets  to  the  ground. 
The  stakes  go  to  him  who  counts  the  greatest  num 
ber  in  the  air  at  the  same  time. 

Cart.  No.  175. 

BALL-PLAY  DANCE  (Choctaw). — This  singular  dance  is  per 
formed  at  intervals  during  the  night  previous  to  the 
ball-play,  by  the  players,  who  are,  during  the  night, 
in  their  ball-play  dress.  Each  party  dances  around 
their  respective  byes,  and  the  wives  of  the  players, 
who  have  their  goods  at  stake,  dance  between  their 
ranks. 

Cart.  No.  176. 

BALL-PLAY  (Choctaw). — The  author  was  present  when  300 
young  men  were  engaged  in  this  exciting  play.  For 
this  play,  which  is  the  favorite  play  of  most  of  the 
tribes,  the  feet  are  naked,  and  the  figure  also,  with 
the  exception  of  a  cincture,  to  which  is  appended  a 
tail,  of  white  horse  hair,  with  one  party,  and  of 
quills  and  feathers,  with  the  other  party.  This  des 
perate  game  lasted  from  sunrise  in  the  morning  until 
near  sundown,  without  halting  more  than  for  a  min 
ute  or  two  at  a  time. 

Cart.  No.  177. 

BALL-PLAY  OF  THE  WOMEN  (Sioux). — The  author  witnessed 
this  exciting  strife  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  in  1834, 
when  the  Sioux  had  assembled  to  receive  their  an 
nuity  from  the  government.  The  chiefs,  after  hav 
ing  received  their  annuities  and  annual  presents, 
arranged  a  great  quantity  of  calicoes,  ribbons,  and 
other  presents  on  a  frame  erected  for  the  purpose, 
and  for  which  the  women,  divided  into  two  parties, 
played,  to  the  great  amusement  of  the  men,  who 
were  enjoying  their  bottles  of  whiskey. 

Cart.  No.  178. 

ARCHERY  OF  THE  APACHEES. — In  crossing  the  mountains  from 
St.  Diego  to  Santa  Fe,  in  1855,  the  author  witnessed 
this  exciting  scene.  Excellency  in  archery  with 
mounted  Indians  consists  in  the  rapidity  with  which 
the  arrows  can  be  put  upon  the  string  and  got  off, 
and  the  accuracy  of  aim,  whilst  their  horses  are  at 
full  speed — for  in  this  way  their  enemies  and  their 
game  are  killed. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  43 

Cart.  No.  179. 

HORSE-BACING    (Minatarrees). — Horse-racing    is   a    favorite 

amusement  with  most  of  the  tribes,  and  is  much  the 

same  as  racing  in  the  civilized  world. 

Cart.  No.  180. 

AN  INDIAN  COUNCIL. — "While  an  Indian  speaks  in  council,  the 
rest  are  seated  with  their  heads  lowered,  and  no  one 
is  allowed  to  rise  or  to  speak.  (How  barbarous !) 

Cart.  No.  181. 

AN  INDIAN  TREATY  (Sioux  and  Saukies). — All  the  American 
tribes,  at  the  end  of  a  war,  regulate  their  affairs  by 
a  treaty.  The  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  two 
tribes  are  seated  in  two  semi-circles  facing  each 
other,  with  their  respective  calumets  resting  on 
little  crotches,  ready  to  be  smoked  when  the  treaty 
stipulations  are  agreed  upon  ;  then  they  are  in  turn 
carried  and  held  to  each  chief  and  each  warrior,  who 
draws  one  whiff  through  the  "sacred  stem,"  as  the 
mode  of  solemnizing  the  treaty,  equivalent  to  u  sign 
ing  a  treaty." 

Cart.  No.  182. 

A  FOOT  "WAR  PARTY  IN  COUNCIL  (Mandari). — Met  by  the 

author   whilst   descending    the    Missouri  river,  in 

1832,  in  a  canoe. 

Cart.  No.  183. 

VAPOUR  BATH  (Minatarree). — Most  of  the  Indian  tribes  prac 
tice  vapour  bathing,  both  for  various  indispositions 
and  as  matter  of  luxury.  The  patient  sits  in  a 
crouching  position  in  his  willow  basket,  whilst 
water  is  thrown  upon  heated  stones  placed  under 
neath  him,  and,  in  the  highest  state  of  perspiration, 
plunges  head  foremost  into  the  river,  at  all  seasons 
of  the  year. 

Cart.  No.  184. 

AN  INDIAN  DOCTOR  (Medicine  Man)  of  the  Mandans,  en 
deavoring  to  cure  his  dying  patient  by  charms — 
dancing  and  singing  over  him,  and  shaking  his 
medicine  rattles,  whilst  the  relatives  and  friends  of 
the  patient  are  crying  and  howling,  with  their 
hands  over  their  mouths,  endeavoring  to  assist  the 
sorcerer  in  his  incantations.  For  this  dernier  effort, 
the  doctor  has  his  patient  taken  out  of  his  wigwam, 
and  placed  in  the  open  air,  on  the  ground. 


4:4:  NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No,  185. 

A  BLACKFOOT  DOCTOR,  in  his  mystery  dress,  endeavoring  to 
cure  his  dying  patient  by  hocus-pocus  and  incanta- 
tations.  The  author  was  witness  to  this  scene  in  the 
American  Fur  Company's  fort,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yellow  Stone,  in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  186. 

RAIN  MAKING  (Mandan). — The  author  witnessed  this  singular 
and  burlesque  ceremony  in  the  Mandan  village,  in. 
1832.  From  excessive  drought,  the  women  begin  to 
cry ;  their  maize  and  vines  are  withering  up,  when 
the  doctors  order  the  young  men  to  commence  this 
ceremony,  of  summoning  the  clouds  and  command 
ing  it  to  rain,  and  they  always  succeed,  for  the 
ceremony  never  ceases,  night  or  day,  until  rain  be 
gins  to  fall. 

Cart.  No.  187. 

"  LOOKING  AT  THE  SUN." — This  Indian,  desiring  to  obtain  the  en 
viable  title  of  "  Medicine"  or  Doctor,  undertakes  in 
presence  of  the  whole  village,  to  look  at  the  sun 
from  its  rising  until  it  goes  down,  suspended  as  seen 
in  the  illustration,  without  changing  his  position. 
If  he  succeeds,  he  is  regarded  by  the  whole  tribe  as 
great  "  Medicine  "  (Mystery)  ;  but  if  he  faints  and 
falls,  he  is  hissed  by  the  multitude,  and  never  can 
pretend  to  u  Medicine  "  afterwards. 

This  scene  was  witnessed  by  the  author  in  the  great  Sioux 
village,  on  the  Missouri,  in  1832,  and  a  perfect  success  was  at 
tended  with  unbounded  applause. 

Cart.  No.  188. 

"  SMOKING  THE  SHIELD"  (Camanchee). — "When  a  young  Ca- 
manchee  aspires  to  the  title  of  Warrior,  it  is  neces 
sary  to  have  a  shield.  For  this,  which  is  made  of 
the  buffalo's  hide,  it  is  necessary  to  kill  the  animal 
himself;  and  this  done,  he  invites  the  warriors,  who 
all  assemble  to  witness  the  smoking  of  his  shield. 
They  dance  around  it  whilst  it  is  being  smoked  (or 
"  roasted "),  to  ensure  its  hardness,  and  its  proof 
against  arrows  and  other  weapons.  This  done,  he 
can  go  on  war  parties,  and  riot  before. 

Cart.  No.  189. 

A  DOG  FEAST  (8ioux). — This  feast  was  offered  by  the  Sioux 
chiefs  of  the  Upper  Missouri,  in  1832,  to  Mr.  San- 
ford  (the  Indian  agent),  Pierre  Choteau,  K.  Me- 


NORTH    AMERICA.  46 


Kenzie,  and  the  author.  The  greatest  pledge  of 
respect  and  friendship  which  the  Indians  can  give 
to  strangers  in  their  country  is  given  in  the  "Dog 
Feast,"  in  which  the  flesh  of  their  favorite  dogs  must 
necessarily  be  served. 

Cart.  No.  190. 

COLONEL  DODGE,  in  command  of  a  regiment  of  dragoons,  ap 
proaching  a  war  party  of  Camanchees,  in  Western 
Texas,  in  1836.  The  author  was  present  at  the  in 
terview,  and  made  his  sketch  from  nature. 

Cart.  No.  191. 

THE  AUTHOR  PAINTING  the  portrait  of  Mah-to-toh-pa,  the  war 
chief  of  the  Mandans,  in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  192. 

GATHERING  WILD  RICE,  on  the  Fox  river,  Wisconsin,  by  the 
Winnebago  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  193. 

Sioux  MOVING. — Their  tents,  folded  and  packed  upon  the  tent 
poles,  are  transported  by  the  horses  and  dogs. 

Cart.  No.  194. 

CAMANCHEES  MOVING. — Their  village  of  skin  tents  being  moved, 

with  all  their  goods  and  chattels,  and  a  dog  tight  in 

its  midst. 

Cart.  No.  195. 

A  CHEYENNE  WARRIOR,  resting  and  baiting  his  horse. 

Cart.  No.  196. 

CAMANCHKE  HORSEMANSHIP. — -.Warriors  showing  their  mode  of 
dropping  upon  the  sides  of  their  horses,  protected 
from  their  enemies'  weapons  in  time  of  war. 

Cart.  No.  197. 

A  LONG  SPEECH. — It  is  a  custom  amongst  all  the  American 
Indians,  in  council,  to  remain  seated  while  an  orator 
speaks.  A  conceited  medicine  man  of  the  loways 
took  this  humorous  mode  <>f  describing  a  long  speech 
that  he  once  made: — "Most  unfortunately  for  the 
eleven  loway  chiefs  seated  in  council,  the  moment 
I  began  to  speak,  it  began  to  snow." 

Cart.  No.  198. 

AN  ASSINNKBOIN  LUNCH  interrupted  by  the  approach  of  fire 
in  the  prairie. 


46  NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  199. 

PRIMITIVE  SAILING,  by  the  Winnebago  Indians,  upper  Mis 
sissippi. 

Cart.  No.  200. 

CATCHING  WHITE  FISH  (Ojibbeway  Indians),  in  the  rapids  of 
the  Sault  St.  Marie  outlet  of  Lake  Superior. 

Cart.  No.  201. 

FORT  PIERRE. — A  trading  post  of  the  American  Fur  Company, 
at  the  mouth  of  Little  Missouri,  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  202. 

PRAIRIE  DOG  TILLAGE. — A  species  of  marmot,  bearing  no  re 
semblance  to  dogs,  excepting  in  their  barking. 

Cart.  No.  203. 

THE  AUTHOR'S  BIVOUAC,  on  the  prairie  of  the  Platte. 

Cart.  No.  204. 

A  BROTHER'S  SCALP. — A  war  chief  of  the  Cheyennes  invites  a 
Sioux  warrior  to  his  village  to  see  the  scalp  of  his 
(the  warrior's)  brother,  killed  in  single  combat. 
After  examining  and  recognizing  the  scalp,  the 
Sioux  warrior  is  invited  out  of  the  tent,  where  the 
wife  of  the  chief  is  painting  the  battle  on  the  chief's 
robe. 

The  author  was  present  at  this  singular  interview  in  1834. 

Cart.  No.  205. 

SMOKING  HORSES. — The  Saukies  and  Foxes,  neighboring  tribes, 
observe  a  singular  custom  between  them,  which  they 
call  "smoking  horses."  When  a  certain  number  of 
Saukies  are  anxious  to  join  a  war  party,  and  have  no 
horses  for  the  expedition,  they  go  to  the  Fox  village, 
and  seating  themselves  in  a  circle  on  the  prairie,  and 
near  the  village,  commence  smoking.  The  object  of 
their  visit  being  understood  by  the  Foxes,  an  equal 
number  of  young  men,  resolving  to  give  their  horses, 
mount  them,  and  with  long  whips  in  their  hands, 
gallop  about  the  smoking  group,  until  one  by  one 
they  select  the  one  to  whom  they  decide  to  present 
their  horse,  and  passing  by  him  at  full  speed,  lash 
him  over  the  naked  shoulders,  and  coming  around  and 
passing  him  again  while  he  is  yet  smoking.  If  the 
blood  is  trickling  down  from  his  shoulders,  the  rider 
dismounts,  and  placing  the  bridle  of  his  horse  in  his 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


hand,  says  to  him,  "  You  poor  beggar,  I  give  you 
the  best*horse  in  the  Fox  village — but  recollect,  you 
are  my  man — you  have  my  mark  on  your  back." 
When  all  the  horses  are  presented,  and  the  begging 
party  are  mounted  by  the  same  process,  they  return 
home  and  join  the  war  excursion. 

-Oart.  No.  206. 

FORT  UNION. — The  American  Fur  Company's  trading  post,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Yellow  Stone  river,  2,000  miles 
above  St.  Louis.  Blackfoot  and  K'nisteneux  Indians 
encamped  around  it,  in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  207. 

MAKING  FLINT  ARROW-HEADS  (Apachees). — The  boulders  of 
flint  are  broken  by  a  sort  of  hammer  of  hornstone, 
fixed  in  a  withe.  The  flakes,  which  will  serve  as 
the  basis  for  arrow-heads,  are  passed  to  two  other 
operators  who  work  them  into  the  forms  required 
by  chopping  on  the  palm  of  the  hand,  whilst  a 
choir  of  young  females  chant  in  time  with  their  own 
song  and  the  blows  of  their  hammers. 

Cart.  No.  208. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A  Sioux  ROBE.  — Curiously  painted  and  orna 
mented  with  porcupine  quills  stitched  on. 

Cart.  No.  209. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  AN  OMAHA  KOBE. — Handsomely  painted  and  gar 
nished  with  porcupine  quill  embroidery. 

Cart.  No.  210. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A  CHEYENNE  ROBE. — The  designs  representing 
the  attack  and  defence  of  a  Cheyenne  village. 

Cart.  No.  211. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A  MANDAN  ROBE. — Ornamented  with  a  figure  of 
the  sun  painted  on  it. 

Cart.  No.  212. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A   Sioux   ROBE,  representing   combats.     The, 

vigor  and  action  with  which  these  figures  are  drawn 

show  a  native  talent  for  art,  whiclTdeserved  to  be 

encouraged. 

The  reader  is  reminded  that  the  figures  on  these  robes  are 

exactly  reduced  by  a  perfect  camera,  from  the  robes  in  my 

collection. 


4:8  NORTH    AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  213. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  AN  ASSINNEBOIN  ROBE. — Representing  a  great 
calumet  and  the  battles  fought  by  its  possessor. 

Cart.  No.  214. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A  PAWNEE  DOCTOR'S  ROBE,  with  fantastic 
professional  designs  upon  it. 

Cart.  No.  215. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  A  PAWNEE  DOCTOR'S  ROBE. — The  possessor  of 
the  robe  giving  liberty  to  his  favorite  horse,  whilst 
he  is  followed  in  procession  by  other  doctors. 

Cart.  No.  216. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  THE  ROBE  OF  MOHTOTOHPA,  the  war  chief  of 
the  Mandans.  The  fourteen  successful  battles  of  this 
famous  warrior  painted  on  it. 

Cart.  No.  217. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  AN  OMAHA  ROBE. — Given  to  the  author  by  the 
Indian  artist  who  made  it.  The  subject  is  the 
history  of  a  transaction  to  which  the  Indian  was 
an  eye-witness  a  few  months  before. 

Cart.  No.  218. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  THE  FOUR  MEN'S  ROBE. — Belonging  to  a  famous 

chief  called   "  The   Four   Men,"  and   showing   all 

his  battles. 

Cart.  No.  219. 

FAC-SIMILE  OF  AN  OJIBBEWAY  ROBE. — Representing  a  collection 
of  Indian  totems,  (signatures). 

Cart.  No.  220. 

COLLECTION  OF  PIPES. — Showing  the  progress  in  their  fabrica 
tion  and  ornamentation  since  the  first  pipes  made 
of  stalactites  to  the  present  day. 

Cart.  No.  221. 

COLLECTION  OF  PIPES,  ancient  and  modern,  in  various  kinds 
of  stone. 

Cart.  No.  222. 

SUPERB  PIPE  BOWLS  OF  THE  Sioux  AND  PAWNEES,  carved  in 
the  red  pipe  stone. 

Cart.  No.  223. 

PIPE  BOWLS  OF  THE  PAWNEES,  in  red  pipe  stone. 


NORTH     AMERICA.  49 

Cart.  No.  224. 

CALUMETS  Sioux  ( Pipes  of  Peace  ). 

Cart.  No.  225. 

PIPE  STEMS,  Sioux,  richly  ornamented  with  porcupine  quills. 

Cart.  No.  226. 

PIPE  STEMS,  Sioux,  OJIBBEWAYS,  and  Pawnees. 

Cart.  No.  227. 

PIPE  STEMS,    CHEYENNE. 

Cart.  No.  228. 

SPLENDID  PIPE,  OF  "  BLACK  MOCASIN,"  chief  of  the  Mina- 
tarrees. 

Cart.  No.  229. 

PIPES  OF  THE  Sioux  AND  PAWNEES,  carved  in  red  pipe  stone. 

Cart.  No.  230. 

MANDAN  PIPES,  the  bowls  in  burnt  clay. 

Cart.  No.  231. 

NAYAS  PIPES,  the  forms  bizarre,  carved  in  poi>  stone. 

Cart.  No.  232. 

BLACK  HAWK  AND  THE  PROPHET,  demanding  of  Keeokuk, 
warriors  to  assist  in  the  Black  Hawk  war,  in  1831. 

Cart.  No.  233. 

SAULT  DE  ST.  MARIE,  outlet  of  Lake  Superior.  Indians, 
Ojibbeways,  in  their  bark  canoes,  in  the  rapids,  are 
taking  white  fish,  which  resemble  salmon :  equally 
delicious  though  not  so  large. 

Cart.  No.  234. 

A  CROW  CHIEF  AT  HIS  TOILETTE,  oiling  his  long  hair  with 
bear's  grease  which  his  wife  is  pouring  from  a  skin 
bottle.  Many  men  of  that  tribe  have  splendid  hair, 
even  training  on  the  ground,  whilst  their  wives  are 
obliged  to  crop  their  own  hair  close  to  their  heads. 

Cart.  No.  235. 

SALMON  SPEARING  (Ottawas) ;  by  torchlight,  on  Lake  Huron, 

Cart.  No.  236. 

BIVOUAC  OF  A  Sioux  WAR  PARTY,  at  sunrise,  on  the  borders  of 
the  Platte  Kiver.  1834. 


50  NORTH     AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  237. 

GROW  WARRIORS  BATHING  in  the  Yellow  Stone  River,  and 

drying  their  limbs  and  their  long  hair  in  the  sun. 

The  war  paint  with  which  their  bodies  and  limbs  are 

ornamented  is  not  removed  by  the  water,  but  will 

not  bear  wiping. 

Cart.  No.  238. 

AN  INDIAN  ENCAMPMENT,  at  sunset,  on  the  Neosho. 
Cart.  No.  239. 

YIEW  OF  "  PIKE'S  TENT,"  the  most  elevated  bluff  on  the 
Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  240. 

FALL  OF  ST.  ANTHONY,  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  241. 

"  CORNICE  ROCKS,"  western  bank  of  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  242. 

CURIOUS  GRASSY  BLUFFS,  St.  Peter's  River. 

Cart.  No.  243. 

YIEW  ON  LOWER. MISSISSIPPI.  The  river  is  filled  with  islandsr 
and  its  shores,  formed  by  deep  alluvions,  are  fre 
quently  falling  in,  and  carrying  with  them  the  heavy 
cottonwood  timbers,  which  form  raft  and  snags,  im 
peding  the  navigation. 

Cart.  No.  244. 

YIEW  IN  THE  "  GRAND  DETOUR,"  upper  Missouri.  These  bluffs, 
formed  of  clay  of  various  colors,  are  traversed  by  a 
bed  of  lignite,  near  the  water's  surface. 

Cart.  No.  245. 

FALLS  OF  SNAKE  RIVER,  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Cart.  No.  246. 

GRASSY  BLUFFS,  upper  Missouri,  1,200  miles  above  St.  Louis, 

Cart.  No.  247. 

"  GRAND  DETOUR,"  upper  Missouri ;  showing  the  high  "  Table 

land  "  in  the  distance ;   a  singular  and  interesting 

geological  feature. 

Cart.  No.  248. 

THE  "  BRICKKILNS,"  upper  Missouri;  bluffs  constituted  of  clay, 

and  covered  with  10  or  15  feet  in  thickness  of  pumice 

stone. 


NORTH     AMERICA.  51 

Cart.  No.  249. 

MASQUERADE  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  by  the  Nay  as  Indians,  Queen 
Charlotte's  Inlet,  on  the  Pacific  Coast.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  250. 

BIVOUAC  OF  THE  AUTHOR,  in  the  prairies  of  the  Neosho,  in  1836. 

Cart.  No.  251. 

PRAIEIE  MEADOWS  BURNING,  on  the  bank  of  the  upper  Missouri, 

the  buffaloes  and  white  wolves  escaping  from  the 

names. 

Cart.  No.  252. 

CANADIAN  MOOSE,  male  and  female,  the  largest  animal  now 
existing  in  America. 

Cart.  No.  253. 

CHASE  OF  THE  MOOSE  ;  the  Indians  running  on  snow  shoes. 

Cart.  No.  254. 

DEATH  OF  THE  MOOSE,  killed  by  the  Indian's  lance. 
Cart.  No.  255. 

AMERICAN  ELK  ( Wapiti),  male  and  female. 
Cart.  No.  256. 

SHOOTING  PAROQUETS  in  Texas ;  the  author  and  his  two  men. 
The  flesh  of  these  little  birds  is  excellent  food. 

Cart.  No.  257. 

THE  AUTHOR  AND  Sioux  INDIANS  CHASING  BUFFALOES,  upper 
Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  258. 

BUFFALOES  CROSSING  THE  MISSOURI,  and  falling  in  an  avalanche 
caused  by  their  great  weight. 

Cart.  No.  259. 

BUFFALO  HERD  CROSSING  THE  MISSOURI  on  the  ice,  in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  260. 

THE  AUTHOR  AND  HIS  TWO  COMPANIONS  shooting  buffaloes  in  a 
ravine,  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  261. 

AMERICAN  DEER,  in  their  "  red  coat,"  of  the  summer. 

Cart.  No.  262. 

AMERICAN  DEER,  in  their  "blue  coat,"  in  the  fall. 


52  NORTH     AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  263. 

BUFFALO  LANCING  in  the  snow  drifts,  by  Sioux  Indians,  upper 

Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  264. 

ANTELOPE  SHOOTING  by  the  Assinneboine  Indians,  who  decoy 
them  up  with  a  red  flag.  The  antelopes  appear  fas 
cinated  by  that  object,  and  are  easily  killed. 

Cart.  No.  265. 

THE  MAID  OF  THE  DISMAL  SWAMP. 

"  And  all  the  night  long, 
Guided  by  the  firefly  torch, 

She  paddles  her  light  canoe." — MOORE. 

Cart.  No.  266. 

BUFFALO  CHASE,  Sioux  Indians,  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  267. 

SALMON  SPEARING,  Ojibbeways,  upper  Canada. 

Cart.  No.  268. 

DEER  HUNTING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  Ojibbeways. 

Cart.  No.  269. 

DEER  HUNTING  BY  TORCHLIGHT  AND  LIGHT  OF  THE  MOON, 
Ojibbeways. 

Cart.  No.  270. 

BUFFALOES  ATTACKED  BY  GRIZZLY  BEARS  in  their  winter 
retreat. 

Cart.  No.  271. 

VAPOUR  BATHS  of  the  Pawnees.  In  the  highest  state  of  per 
spiration  the  Pawnee  Indian  leaves  his  sudatory  and 
plunges  head  foremost  into  the  river,  in  the  coldest 
weather  of  winter. 

Cart.  No.  272. 

SALMON  SPEARING  by  torchlight,  on  Lake  Huron,  Ojibbeways. 

Cart.  No.  273. 

THE  SCALPER  SCALPED,  Pawnees  and  Cheyennes,  at  the  mouth 
of  Eiver  Platte.  1832.  A  fact  in  history. 

Cart.  No.  274. 

BATTLE  between  the  Jiccarilla  Apachees  and  Camanchees. 
1836. 


NORTH    AMERICAN.  53 

Cart.  No.  275. 

WAR  DANCE  OF  THE  APACHEES,  a  war  party  preparing  to  march 
against  the  Navahos.  1855. 

D 

Cart.  No.  276. 

NAYAS  VILLAGE,  on  the  Pacific  Coast  at  sunset.  The  Indians 
bathing  in  the  ocean. 

Cart.  No.  277. 

AN  APACHEE  TILLAGE,  near  the  Ghila,  at  sunset.     1855. 
Cart.  No.  278. 

AN  APACHEE  VILLAGE,  on  Lake  Ahrocum,  at  sunset.     1855. 
Cart.  No.  279. 

A  CROW  VILLAGE,  of  skin  tents,  on  Salmon  River,  west  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains. 

Cart.  No.  280. 

SUN  SETTING,  Queen  Charlotte's  Inlet,  Pacific  Coast.     1855. 

Cart.  No.  281. 

APPROACHING  BUFFALOES,  Pawnee  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  282. 

THE  AUTHOR  AND  HIS  HORSE  "  CHARLEY,"  in  their  bivouac  at 

sunrising,  on  the  Kickapoo   Prairie,  in  1836.     The 

author  traversed  the  550  miles  from  Fort  Gibson  to 
^       St.  Louis,  without  a  road,  having  no  company  but 

his  faithful  horse,  Charley.     (See  narrative  in  "Life 

Among  the  Indians." — Appleton). 

Cart.  No.  283. 

ENCAMPMENT  OF  PAWNEE  INDIANS,  at  sunset,  on  the  Platte 
River.  1833. 

Cart.  No.  284. 

SALMON  RIVER  MOUNTAINS,  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
1855. 

Cart.  'No.  285. 

AN  INDIAN  BATTLE,  Kiowas  and  Camanches,  sources  of  Arkan- 
saw.  1836. 

Cart.  No.  286. 

DEFILE  OF  A  CAMANCHEE  WAR  PARTY.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  287. 

"  PAINT  ME,"  said  Eltono,  a  famous  Apachee  warrior,  (having 
thrown  his  entire  costume  and  weapons  into  the 
hands  of  his  three  wives,  and  presented  himself  in  his 
war  paint),  "  my  dress  can  always  be  seen." 


54  NOETH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  288. 

THE  AUTHOR'S  SECOND  "  COUP,"  on  the  upper  Missouri.   1832. 

Cart.  No.  289. 

NISHNABOTANA  BLUFFS  and  prairies,  upper  Missouri.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  290. 

"  OUT  OF  SIGHT  OF  LAND,"  on  the  great  Buffalo  Prairies,  north 
of  the  Platte. 

Cart.  No.  291. 

CAMANCHEES  LANCING  A  BUFFALO  BULL. 

Cart.  No.  292. 

WOUNDED  BUFFALO  BULL,  Platte.    1832. 

Cart.  No.  293. 

DYING  BUFFALO  BULL,  Yellow  Stone  Eiver.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  294. 

VIEW  OF  CHICAGO  in  1834.  The  author  sketching  a  party  of 
"Winnebago  Indians  dancing  on  the  ground  on  which 
the  city  now  stands.  At  that  date  there  were  no 
houses  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  where  the  prin 
cipal  part  of  the  city  has  been  built,  and  but  three, 
on  the  south  side. 

Cart.  No.  295. 

Sioux  WAEBIORS  ENCAMPING,  alarmed  at  the  shadow  o  f  an  ap 
proaching  war  party.  * 

Cart.  No.  296. 

BAND  OF  ELKS  CROSSING  THE  MISSOURI.     1832. 

TEXANS  AND  CADDOE  INDIANS  chasing  buffaloes,  Western  Texas. 

Cart.  No.  297. 

EUCHEE  INDIANS  CATCHING  EEDFISH,  on  the  sands  of  Santa 
Kosa  Island,  Florida.  1837. 

Cart.  No.  298. 

DESIGN  FOE  A  MONUMENT  proposed  to  be  built  on  the  shore  of 

the  Platte,  to  the  memory  of  the  American  Fur 

Company. 

Cart.  No.  299. 

AFTEE  THE  BUFFALO  CHASE. — Sioux  Indians,  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  300. 

CAMANCHEE  WAE  PARTY  on  the  march,  upper  Arkansaw.  1836. 

Cart.  No.  300£. 

THE  AUTHOE  AND  HIS  HOESE  "  CHAELEY,"  encamping  at  sunset, 
on  the  Great  Osage  river.  1836.  (See  the  account  of 


NORTH     AMERICA.  55 


this  voyage  of  the  author,  from  Fort  Gibson  to  St. 
Louis,  550   miles  over  the  prairies,  without  seeing 
a  white  man's  house. — "Life  Amongst  the  Indians^ 
— Appleton.) 

Cart.  No.  301. 

A  Sioux  VILLAGE,  upper  Missouri.     Tents  of  buffalo  skins. 

Cart.  No.  302. 

A  SAVAGE  SCENE,  witnessed  by  the  author  in  Western  Texas, 
in  1836. 

Cart.  No.  303. 

AN  OSAGE  INDIAN  pursuing  a  Camanchee. — Arkansaw.    1836. 

Cart.  No.  304. 

"  COTEATJ  DES  PRAIRIES,"  a  superb  view,  west  of  the  upper 
St.  Peter's  river. 

Cart.  No.  305. 

A  CHEYENNE  TILLAGE  on  the  "Cannon-ball river,"  at  sunset. — ' 
Upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  306. 

NISHNABOTANA  BLUFFS,  on  the  Nishnabotana  river,  upper 
Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  307. 

HALSEY'S  BLUFF. — Sioux  Indians  on  the  march.     1832. 
Cart.  No.  308. 

AMERICAN  PASTURAGE.  —  Prairies  of  the  Platte.  Buffaloes 
grazing. 

Cart.  No.  309. 

LOST  ON  THE  PRAIRIE. — The  author  and  his  two  men.  "  See, 
comrades,  here  is  the  old  moccasin  that  I  throwed  off 
last  night !  We  are  now  at  the  point  where  we  started 
this  morning ;  we  have  walked  the  whole  of  this 
day  in  a  circle.  We  must  sleep  again  here,  and 
maybe  the  sun  will  shine  to-morrow."  (See  "Life 
Amongst  the  Indians." — Appleton.) 

Cart.  No.  310. 

"  LOOK,  FELLOWS  !  THERE'S  GAME." — A  party  of  young  Eng 
lishmen  in  search  of  buffaloes.  Prairies  of  the 
Platte.  1834. 

Cart.  No.  311. 

YIEW  ON  LOWER  MISSISSIPPI.  —The  deep  alluvial  banks  under 
mining  and  falling  in,  with  their  heavy  cottonwood 
trees  and  cane  brakes. 


56  NORTH     AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  312. 

"  CEDAR  BLUFFS."— Upper  Missouri.    1832, 
Cart.  No.  313. 

BUFFALO  CHASE  by  Pawnee  Indians,  in  the  prairies  of  the 
Platte. 

Cart.  No.  314. 

"  THE  TROTTING  PHANTOM,"  pursued  by  Pawnee  Indians, 
north  of  the  Platte.  1834.  A  famous  wild  horse, 
of  an  iron  grey,  which  no  Indian  was  able  to  capture, 
though  when  pursued  it  never  broke  from  a  trot. 

C9rt.No.SW. 

AN  "  OAK  OPENING." — Mouth  of  the  Platte ;  with  a  party  of 
Indians  playing  on  horseback. 

Cart.  No.  316. 

PRAIRIES  BURNING. — ^North  of  the  Platte.     Prairie  bluffs. 
Cart.  No.  317. 

PRAIRIES  BURNING. — Upper  Missouri.     Prairie  meadow.. 
Cart.  No.  318. 

WILD  STRAWBERRIES  being  gathered  by  Caddoe  Indians, 
Texas. 

Cart.  No.  319. 

WILD  GRAPES  being  collected  by  Kiowa  Indians,  Western 
Texas. 

Cart.  No.  320. 

WILD  PLUMS  gathered  by  Osage  Indians. 
Cart.  No.  321. 

TAWAHQUENA  TILLAGE,  near  the  great  Camanchee  village, 
Western  Texas. 

Cart.  No.  322. 

ARCHERY,  by  Camanchee  boys. 

Cart.  No.  323. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — Sioux  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  324. 

"  INDIAN  FILE." — A  foot  war  party  (loways),  on  the  march, 
upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  325. 

WHITE  WOLVES  attacking  a  wounded  buffalo. — Upper  Mis 
souri. 


NOETH     AMEEICA.  57 


Cart.  No.  326. 

A  CONSULTATION. — Sympathy  for  a  poor  buffalo  in  the  mire. 
Upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  327. 

EECONNOITEEED  BY  GEIZZLT  BEAES. — The  author  and  his  two 

men  bivouaced  on  the  shore  of  the  Missouri  river. 

1832. 

Cart.  No.  328. 

INVITED  TO  COME  ASHOEE,  by  three  grizzly  bears. — The  author, 

Bogard,  and  Batiste,  on  the  upper  Missouri,  in  a 

bark  canoe. 

Cart.  No.  329. 

FUNEEAL  OF  BLACK  HAWK,  the  war  chief  of  the  Saukies. — 
Nah  Pope  pronouncing  an  eulogium  on  his  char 
acter. 

Cart.  No.  330. 

"  A  WHALE  ASHOEE,"  on  the  western  coast  of  Vancouver, 
and  being  harpooned  and  dissected  by  the  Klahoquat 
Indians.  1855.  (See  "Last  Rainbles,"  ly  Geo. 
Catlin. — Appleton .) 

Cart.  No.  331. 

YIEW  OF  THE  YOLCANO  OF  AvATCHA,  coast  of  Siberia,  near 
Petropolovski.  1855. 

Cart.  No.  332. 

EXCAVATING  A  CANOE,  by  Nayas  Indians.  British  Columbia. 
1855. 

Cart.  No.  333. 

LAUNCHING  A  CANOE,  by  Nayas  Indians.  British  Columbia. 
1855. 

Cart.  No.  334. 

A  FOOT  RACE.-— Maiidans.     1832. 
Cart.  No.  335. 

A  CANOE  RACE. — Ojibbeways  in  bark  canoes. 
Cart.  No.  336. 

STEAW  DANCE. — Mandans.     1832. 
Cart.  No.  337. 

SHAM  FIGHT,  by  Mandan  boys. 
Cart.  No.  338. 

THE  IST  REGIMENT  of  Mounted  Dragoons  surprised  by  a  troop 
of  buffaloes.— Western  Texas.  1836. 


58  NORTH    AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  339. 

MANDANS  ATTACKING  a  party  of  hostile  Riccarrees,  near  the 
Mandari  village.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  340. 

OJIBBEWAY  INDIANS  making  the  portage  of  the  Fall  of  St. 
Anthony  with  300  bark  canoes,  in  1832. 

Cart.  No.  341. 

WHITE  WOLVES  attacking  a  wounded  bull. — Upper  Missouri. 
1832. 

Cart.  No.  342. 

Sioux  INDIANS  sacrificing  at  the  "  Eed  Boulder." — "  Coteau 
des  Prairies." 

Cart.  No.  343. 

"  GIVING  THE  ARROW  "  to  the  Medicine  Rock,  in  order  to 
secure  a  victory.     Camanchees. 

Cart.  No.  344. 

"  LA  BUTTE  DE  MORT,"  a  great  cemetery  of  the  Sioux.  Upper 
Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  345. 

"  E"m  DU  TONNERE,"  Coteau  des  Prairies.    (See  Life  Amongst 
the  Indians. — Gr.  C. — Appleton). 

Cart.  No.  346. 

BATISTE,  BOGARD,  AND  THE  AUTHOR,  crossing  a  prairie  on  the 
Missouri,  where  the  grass  was  ten  feet  high. 

Cart.  No.  347. 

AN  INDIAN  MARRIAGE. — The  bridegroom  making  presents  to 
the  father  of  the  young  girl.     Sioux  Indians.     1832. 

Cart.  No.  348. 

BATISTE,  BOGGARD,  AND  I,  descending  the  Missouri  river  in  a 
canoe,  and   breakfasting   on  a  pile  of  drift  wood. 

1832. 

Cart.  No.  349. 

A  CROW  WIGWAM. — Constructed  with  twenty  skins  of  buffaloes, 
richly  ornamented. 

Cart.  No.  350. 

A  PAWNEEPICT  WIGWAM.— Covered  with  a  thatching  of  long 
prairie  grass. 

Cart.  No.  351. 

Sioux  SCALPING. — Explaining  the  mode  of  taking  the  scalp. 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


59 


Cart.  No.  352. 

DEATH  OF  THE  WHITE  BUFFALO. — Mandan  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  353. 

COUNCIL  OF  WAR.— The  Sioux  chief  Waneton,  of  the  Susseton 

band,  demanding  warriors  to  go  against  the  Saukies. 

1832. 

Cart.  No.  354. 

DEATH  OF  HAWANJETAH  (The  One  Horn).— Head  chief  of  the 
Sioux.  This  distinguished  chief,  having  killed  his 
only  son  accidentally,  in  a  state  of  mental  derange 
ment,  wandered  into  the  prairie,  and  gave  his  life 
to  the  horns  of  an  infuriated  buffalo  bull.  Mouth 
of  Little  Missouri.  1834. 

Cart.  No.  355. 

A  GRIZZLY  BEAR,  attacking  a  buffalo. 

Cart.  No.  356. 

THE  AUTHOR,  shooting  paroquets,  in  Texas. 

Cart.  No.  357. 

BAND  OF  ELKS,  crossing  the  Missouri. 
Cart.  No.  358. 

A  GREAT  BAND  OF  BUFFALOES,  crossing  the  Missouri  on  the 
ice. 

Cart.  No.  359. 

BAND  OF  ELKS,  crossing  the  upper  Brazos,  Western  Texas.  1836. 

Cart.  No.  360. 

BUFFALO  CHASE. — Caddo  Indians,  Texas. 

Cart.  No.  361. 

ELKS  AND  BUFFALOES,  making  acquaintance. — Western  Texas 
1836. 

Cart.  No.  362.  . 

YIEW  OF  "  CAP  DE  L'AIL,"  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  363. 

"LOVER'S  LEAP,"  Lake  Pepin,  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  364. 

LA  MONTAGNE  QUI  TREMPS  A  L'EAU,  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  365. 

HOCK  ISLAND,  upper  Mississippi. 


60  NORTH     AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  366. 

"  DUBUQUE'S  GRAVE,"  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  367. 

"  FORT  SNELLING,"  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  368. 

"  PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN,"  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  369. 

"  LAC  DU  CYGNE,"  Coteau  des  Prairies. 

Cart.No.WQ. 

SAVANNAH  in  the  pine  woods  of  Florida. 

Cart.  No.  371. 

VIEW  ON  LAKE  ST.  CROIX,  upper  Mississippi. 

Cart.  No.  372. 

TAWAHQUENA  MOUNTAIN,  near  the  great  Camanchee  Village, 
Texas. 

Cart.  No.  373. 

CAMANCHEE  VILLAGE,  Texas. 

Cart.  No.  374. 

"  BLACKBIRD'S  GRAVE." — The  chief  of  the  Ornahas,  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  375. 

MOUTH  OF  THE  PLATTE  RIVER. — 900  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

Cart.  No.  376. 

"  FLOYD'S  GRAVE,"  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  377. 

"THE  TOWER,"  1,700  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

Cart.  No.  378. 

PICTURESQUE  CLAY  BLUFFS,  upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  379. 

THE  "  IRON  BLUFF,"  1,200  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

Cart.  No.  380. 

THE  "  THREE  DOMES,"  150  miles  above  Mandans. 

Cart.  No.  381. 

The  SQUARE  HILLS,  1,200  miles  above  St.  Louis. 

Cart.  No.  382. 

BUFFALO  SURROUND. — A  party  of  Sioux  Indians,  armed  with 
bows  and  lances,  surrounding  a  herd  of  300  buffaloes, 
in  which  they  kill  every  animal.  The  author  was  an 
eye-witness  to  this  scene.  Upper  Missouri.  1832. 


NORTH    AMERICA.  61 


Cart.  No.  383. 

HALTING  TO  MAKE  A  PORTRAIT.  —  Snake  Indians,  Snake  .River 

Valley.    1855.     (See  "  Last  Rambles.") 
Cart.  No.  384. 
"  OH,  WHAT  A  PITY  TO  LOSE  SUCH  A  FISH!"  —  Shore  of  Lake 

Huron. 

Cart.  No.  385. 

DEATH  OF   GENERAL  LEAVENWORTH,  on   the   Bed   River  of 
Texas.     1836. 

Cart.  No.  386. 

ROAD  TO  THE  MORMONS.     1834. 

Cart.  No.  387. 

A  Sioux  VILLAGE,  on  the  St.  Peter's  River. 

Cart.  No.  388. 

GRIZZLY  BEARS  attacking  buffaloes  going  to  the  river  to  drink. 
Upper  Missouri. 

Cart.  No.  389. 

Sioux  VILLAGE  —  Lac  Du  Cjgne. 
Cart.  No.  390. 

HALTING  TO  MAKE  A  SKETCH  —  "Western  Texas. 
Cart.  No.  391. 

A  Sioux  WAR  PARTY  reconnoitering  an  Ojibbeway  village,  at 
sunset.      Calhoun,  upper  Mississippi.    1832. 

Cart.  No.  392. 

"  OUT  OF  SIGHT  OF  LAND."—  Prairie  of  the  Platte. 

Cart.  No.  393. 

NAYAS  VILLAGE,   on  the  Pacific  Coast,  at  sunset.      Queen 

Charlotte's  Island  is  seen  in  the  distance. 
Cart.  No.  394. 
THE  AUTHOR  AND  HIS  HORSE    "  CHARLEY."—  Bivouacing  at 

sunset,  at  the  grand  ravine,  Kickapoo  Prairie.  1836. 
Cart.  No.  395. 
THE  AUTHOR  AND  "CHARLEY,"  heading  the  grand   ravine 

Kickapoo  Prairie.     1836.     (See  "  Zife  Amongst  the 

Indians") 

Cart.  No.  396. 

AN  INDIAN  LADDER.—  Coast  of  the  Pacific.    Nay  as  Indians. 


62  NORTH    AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  397. 

A  CROW  VILLAGE,  and  Salmon  Eiver  Mountains,  west  of  the 
.Rocky  Mountains.  1855. 

Cart.  No.  398. 

A  SMALL  CROW  TILLAGE,  bank  of  Salmon  River,  west  of 
Rocky  Mountains. 

Cart.  No.  399. 

PRAIRIES  BURNING,  upper  Missouri. 
Cart.  No.  400. 

BIVOUAC  OF  THE  AUTHOR  at  sunrise.     Western  Texas. 
Cart.  No.  401. 

BIVOUAC  OF  THE  AUTHOR,  surprised  by  a  herd  of  buffaloes  in 
motion.  Western  Texas.  1836. 

Cart.  No.  402. 

A  CHEYENNE  SMALL  VILLAGE;  beautiful  grassy  bluffs. 
Cart,  No.  403. 

SALMON  SPEARING,  by  the  Nay  as  Indians.  Queen  Charlotte's 
Inlet,  Pacific  Coast.  1855. 

Cart.  No.  404. 

WAR  DANCE  OF  THE  SAUKIES,  at  the  close  of  the  Black  Hawk 
War,  ordered  by  the  chief  Keeokuk,  at  his  village, 
on  the  Desmoines  River.  The  author  and  General 
Street,  the  Indian  agent,  were  present.  1831. 

Cart.  No.  405. 

A  NAYAS  VILLAGE. — Nayas  Indians  returning  from  salmon 
spearing. 

Cart.  No.  406. 

"  COME,  MY  BOYS,  IT'S  BROAD  DAYLIGHT." — Western  Texas. 
1836. 

Cart.  No.  407. 

XAYAS  VILLAGE,  Pacific  Coast — night  scene. 
Cart.  No.  408. 

BIVOUAC  OF  A  Sioux  WAR  PARTY,  Lake  Calhoun.     1832. 
Cart.  No.  409. 

SALMON  SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  by  Kay  as  Indians.  Pacific 
Coast. 

Cart.  No.  410. 

THE  "  CHEYENNE  BROTHERS  "  starting  on  their  "  fall  hunt." 


NORTH    AMERICA.  63 

Cart.  No.  411. 

THE  CHEYENNE  BROTHERS  returning  from  their  "  fall  hunt  " 
(an  historical  event  of  1832). 

Cart.  No.  412. 

THE  AUTHOR  MEETS  SIR  WILLIAM  DRUMMOND  STUART  on  the 

great  prairie  of  the  Platte,  returning  from  a  visit  to 

the  Crows.   1834. 

Cart.  No.  413. 

RUM  AND  WHISKEY  EXCHANGED  FOR  BEAVER  SKINS. — River 
Blue.     1831. 

Cart.  No.  414. 

"  HALCYON  DAYS."     Sioux  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  415. 

THE  LAST  BUFFALO  BUT  ONE. 

Cart.  No.  416. 

THE  LAST  BUFFALO. 


Religions  Ceremony  of  the   M aiidans. 


Cart.  No.  417. 

"  Me-ne-ro-ka-ha-sha"  (The  Waters  Sink  Down). — The  interior 
of  the  Medicine  Lodge  of  the  Mandans,  during  the 
first  day  of  an  extraordinary  annual  ceremony, 
called  by  them,  "  O-kee-pa."  This  ceremony, 
probably  the  most  strange  and  unaccountable  of  a'll 
the  American  Indian  customs,  continues  four  suc 
cessive  days  and  nights  in  celebration  of  the 
"  Deluge,"  of  which  these  Indians  have  preserved 
distinct  traditions.  On  this  occasion,  all  the  young 
men  who  have  arrived  at  the  age  of  manhood  during 
the  past  year,  are  subjected  to  a  series  of  voluntary 
tortures,  which,  being  manfully  endured,  entitle 
them  to  the  distinction  of  Braves,  and  enable  them 
to  join  war  parties.  The  young  xneji  prepared  to 
endure  those  tortures  are  seen  lying  around  the 
lodge,  their  bodies  covered  with  clay  of  various 
colors,  with  their  shields  and  weapons  suspended 
over  their  heads. 

In  the  middle  of  the  lodge  reclines  an  aged 
Medicine  Man,  who  has  charge  of  the  lodge,  and  is 
by  them  called  "  Okeepa-Ca-see-ka "  (Master  of 


64  NORTH    AMERICA. 


Ceremonies).  He  holds  in  his  hand  a  sacred  pipe, 
an  emblem  of  his  authority  and  power.  He  cries 
continually  to  the  Great  Spirit,  and  watches  the 
young  men,  who  are  not  allowed  to  eat,  to  drink,  or 
to  sleep  during  the  four  days  and  four  nights, 
whilst  in  this  position,  they  are  awaiting  the  tor 
tures  to  be  inflicted  on  the  last  day. 

On  the  ground,  in  the  front  part  of%  the  lodge, 
are  four  sacs,  containing  several  gallons  each  of 
water,  and  made  of  the  skins  of  buffaloes'  necks,  in 
form  of  large  tortoises  lying  on  their  backs.  These 
sacs,  to  appearance  of  great  antiquity,  are  held  in 
great  veneration,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  following 
scenes ;  they  serve  as  instruments  of  music  in  their 
dances,  being  beaten  upon  with  sticks^  giving  sounds 
somewhat  like  muffled  drums. 

Cart.  No.  418. 

"  BEL-LOHK-NA-PIC  "  (The  Bull  Dance). — This  scene,  which 
follows  the  one  described,  is  dear  to  the  Indians,  be 
cause  they  attribute  to  it  the  approach  of  buffalo 
herds  to  supply  them  with  food  during  the  season. 

This  grotesque  scene,  which  takes  place  many 
times  during  the  four  days'  ceremony,  is  enacted  in 
front  of  the  Medicine  Lodge,  around  a  sacred  object 
resembling  a  large  hogshead  standing  on  end,  which 
is  venerated  by  the  Indians  as  a  symbol  of  the 
"  Arc,"  and  which  they  call  the  "  Big  Canoe."  This 
ceremony  is  performed  by  other  dancers  whilst  the 
young  men  still  remain  fasting  and  thirsting  in  the 
Medicine  Lodge.  Repeatedly  the  Medicine  Man 
leaves  the  Medicine  Lodge  with  the  Medicine  pipe 
in  his  hand,  and,  approaching  the  "  Big  Canoe," 
continues  crying,  whilst  four  old  men  bring  out  the 
four  sacs  of  water  and  beat  upon  them,  whilst  two 
others  bring  out  the  two  rattles  (she-shee-quoins),  and 
all  unite  their  instruments  with  their  voices,  as  the 
music  for  the  Buffalo  Dance. 

The  principal  actors  in  this  dance  are  eight  men, 
under  the  skins  of  buffaloes,  and,  carrying  on  their 
backs,  each  a  bundle  of  willow  boughs,  whilst  sev 
eral  other  dancers  unite  in  these  curious  scenes,  which 
excite  great  interest. 

The  strange  figure  seen  in  the  left  of  the  picture, 
and  who  carries  a  long  wand,  arrives  from  the  prai- 


NOETH     AMEBICA.  65 


rie,  to  the  great  terror  of  the  women  and  children. 
His  naked  body  is  entirely  blackened  with  charcoal 
and  grease,  and  ornamented  with  circles  of  white. 
They  call  him  "  0-Jce-hee-de  "  (the  owl,  or  evil  spirit). 
His  advances  are  continually  upon  the  women  and 
children,  who  are  repeatedly  rescued  by  the  charm 
of  the  Medicine  pipe,  thrust  before  him,  by  the  mas 
ter  of  ceremonies.  The  magical  wand  of  this  hideous 
stranger  is  at  length  snatched  from  him  by  the 
women,  and  broken  into  pieces ;  his  power  is  then 
gone,  and  beating  him  with  dirt  and  sticks,  the 
women  drive  him  out  of  the  village.  The  whole 
tribe  are  spectators  of  this  singular  scene,  and  all 
applaud  the  victory  gained  by  the  women  over  this 
monster  of  evil,  whose  assaults  were  aimed  at  them 
alone. 

Cart.  No.  419. 

"  POHK-KONG"  (The  Torturing  Scene}. — This  part  of  the  ceremo 
nies  takes  place  in  the  "  Medicine  Lodge,"  and  com 
mences  on  the  fourth  day  at  noon.     When  the  young 
aspirants,  after  having  fasted  and  thirsted  four  days 
and  four  nights,  have  their  upper  and  lower  arms, 
and  legs  and  breasts,  transpierced  with  a  large  knife 
passing  under  the  skin  and  integuments,  and,  through 
the  wounds,  splints  are*  passed,  by  which  they  are 
suspended  some  three  or  four  feet  above  the  ground. 
In  the  painting,  a  number  of  the  young  men  are 
seen  still  fasting  and  thirsting,  and  others  are  seen 
suspended,  or  having  been  lowered  down,  are  being 
removed  from  the  Lodge.    One  is  seen  smiling  while 
his  flesh  is  being  pierced  ;  a  second  is  seen  suspended 
by  splints  in  the  flesh  on  his  shoulders,  and  others 
are  hung  by  the  muscles  of  the  breast,  whilst  they 
have  the  skulls  of  buffaloes  hanging  from  their  arms 
and  legs ;  and  another  is  seen,  after   having  been 
lowered  down,  thanking  the  Great  Spirit  for  having 
preserved  his  life  through  the  ordeal  he  lias  passed, 
and  offering  as  a  sacrifice,  the  little  finger  of  his  left 
hand,  which  another  chops  off  at  a  blow,  on  the  skull 
of  a  buffalo.     At  the  right  of  the  picture  are  placed 
the  chiefs  of  the  tribe,  as  the  judges,  to  decide  which 
of  the  young  men  can  bear  pain  and  privations  with 
the  most  fortitude. 


NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  420. 

"  EEH-K'NA-K'NAH-PIC  "  ( The  Last  fiace).— After  the  young  men 
have  submitted  to  the  tortures  as  above  stated,  they 
are  led  out  of  the  Medicine  Lodge  with  the  dried 
buffalo  skulls  still  attached  to  their  limbs,  and  drag 
ging  on  the  ground. 

Around  the  Big  Canoe  are  15  or  20  young  men, 
who  take  the  young  and  bleeding  aspirants  by  the 
wrists,  one  on  each  side,  and  run  with  them  in  a 
circle  around  the  Big  Canoe,  yelling  and  singing,  to 
drown  their  cries,  with  the  buffalo  skulls  and  other 
appendages  dragging  on  the  ground.  The  young 
men  soon  faint  in  this  cruel  race,  and  are  still 
dragged,  oftentimes  with  their  faces  in  the  dirt,  until 
the  buffalo  skulls  are  left  behind,  having  torn  the 
flesh  out,  to  leave  an  honorable  scar.  To  draw  one 
of  the  splints  out  endwise  would  defeat  that  object, 
and  no  Mandan  youth  was  ever  known  to  disgrace 
himself  by  such  an  act.  When  the  buffalo  skulls 
and  other  weights  hanging  in  the  flesh  are  all  left  in 
this  manner,  the  body  is  dropped  and  lies  upon  the 
ground,  looking  like  a  corpse,  until  the  "  Great 
Spirit  helps  him  "  to  rise  and  stagger  through  the 
crowd,  to  his  wigwam. 

All  the  Mandan  youths  are  ambitious  and  impatient  for  the 
age  that  admits  them  to  this  trial.  At  the  time 
when  the  author  witnessed  this  shocking  scene,  in 
1832,  about  fifty  young  men  were  thus  graduated, 
and  every  one,  without  exception,  gave  the  little 
finger  of  the  left  hand,  and  several  of  the  number 
gave  also  the  fore  finger  of  the  same  hand,  leaving 
only  the  thumb  and  two  middle  fingers,  sufficient  to 
hold  the  bow,  the  only  weapon  for  the  left  hand. 

Note. — For  a  fuller  account  of  these  ceremonies  see  "  0-Tcee- 
pa  "  (Mandan  religious  ceremony),  with  14  colored  illustra 
tions,  published  by  Trubner,  of  London,  and  Lippincott,  of 
Philadelphia ;  and  for  testimonials  see  Appendix  C  of  this 
Catalogue. 


NORTH   AMERICA.  67 


Voyages  of  Discovery  by  Lasalle. 


Cart.  No.  421. 

THE  CHEVALIER  DE  LASALLE,  receiving  his  commission  from 
Governor  Frontenac  to  "  explore  the  Mississippi  and 
distant  countries,"  18th  November,  1678. 

Cart.  No.  422. 

THE  EXPEDITION,  commanded  by  the  Chevalier  de  Tonty 
leaving  Fort  Frontenac,  on  Lake  Ontario,  Nov.  18, 

1678. 

Cart.  No.  423. 

DE  TONTY  and  his  companions,  encamped  on  the  shore  of 
Lake  Ontario,  seven  miles  below  the  Fall  of  Niag 
ara,  20th  Jan.,  1679. 

Cart.  No.  424. 

PORTAGE  OF  CANOES,  &c.,  around  the  Fall  of  Niagara  at  Table 
Eock. 

Cart.  No.  425. 

THE  EXPEDITION  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chippeway  River, 
four  miles  above  the  falls,  lay  the  foundation  of  the 
"  Griffin."  La  Salle  driving  the  first  bolt,  26th  Jan., 
1679. 

Cart.  No.  426. 

LASALLE  and  two  of  his  men  returning  to  Fort  Frontenac, 

along  the  southern  coast  of  Lake  Ontario,  February. 

1679. 

Cart.  No.  427. 

LAUNCHING  of  the  Griffin,  July,  1679. 

Cart.  No.  428. 

FIRST  SAILING  of  the  Griffin,  on  Lake  Erie,  Aug.  7,  1679. 

Cart.  No.  429. 

THE  GRIFFIN,  entering  the  harbor  at  Mackinaw,  Aug.  27. 
1679. 

Cart.  No.  430. 

LASALLE  and  party  arrive  at  the  village  of  the  Illinois,  on 
Lake  Peoria,  1st  Jan.  1680. 


68  NORTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  431. 

LASALLE  and  party  feasted  in  the  Illinois  village.  2d  Jan. 
1680. 

Cart.  No.  432. 

THE  CHEVALIER  DE  TONTY  suing  for  peace  in  the  village  of 
the  Iroquois,  2d  Jan.  1680. 

Cart.  No.  433. 

FATHER  HENNEPIN  and  his  two  men  made  prisoners  by  the 
Sioux,  on  the  Mississippi,  April,  1680. 

Cart.  No.  434. 

FATHER  HENNEPIN  and  his  two  companions  passing  the 
"  Lover's  Leap,"  on  Lake  Pepin,  April,  1680. 

Cart.  No.  435. 

FATHER  HENNEPIN  and  his  men  at  the  Fall  of  St.  Anthony, 
May  1st,  1680. 

Cart.  No.  436. 

LASALLE  and  Expedition  crossing  Lake  Michigan  on  the  ice, 
December  8,  1681. 

Cart.  No.  437. 

FATHER  HENNEPIN  leaving  the  Mississippi  to  join  Lasalle  and 
De  Tonty  on  the  Illinois,  May  8th,  1680. 

Cart.  No.  438. 

LASALLE  and  party,  in  eight  bark  canoes,  entering  the  Mis 
sissippi  from  the  Illinois,  Feb.  6th,  1682. 

Cart.  No.  439. 

LASALLE  erecting  a  cross  and  taking  possession  of  the  country 
at  the  mouth  of  Arkansas,  March  10th,  1682. 

Cart.  No.  440. 

THE  CHIEF  of  the  Taenses  Indians  receiving  Lasalle  and  his 
companions  in  his  village,  March  20th,  1682. 

Cart.  No.  441. 

LASALLE  erecting  a  cross  and  taking  possession,  in  the  village 
of  the  Natchez  Indians,  March  25th,  1682. 

Cart.  No.  442. 

THE  EXPEDITION  arriving  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi ; 
Lasalle  erects  a  cross,  and  takes  possession  of  the 
country  "  in  the  name  of  Louis  le  Grand,  King  of 
France  and  Navarre,"  April  9th,  1682. 


SOTJTH     AMERICA.  69 


Cart.  No.  443. 

WRECK  of  the  "  Aimable,"  on  the  coast  of  Texas.    1685. 
Cart.  No.  444. 

LASALLE  meets  on  the  prairie  of  Texas,  a  war  party  of  Cenis 
Indians,  April  25th,  1686. 

Cart.  No.  445. 

LASALLE  and  his  companions  received  with  great  hospitality 
in  the  village  of  Cenis  Indians,  May  6th,  1686. 

Cart.  No.  446. 

THE  EXPEDITION  encamped  in  a  Texan  prairie,  killing  and 
drying  buffalo  meat,  April,  1686. 

Cart.  No.  447. 

LASALLE  assassinated  by  Duhaut   and  others  of  his  men, 
May  19th,  1686. 


SOUTH  AMERICAN  PORTRAITS, 


Cart.  No.  448.  Caribbe. 

a. —     Dighst-6-ho   (The  /Singer) ;   a   chief,   wearing   a  robe 
made  of  a  tiger's  skin. 

I.—  fWahpt  (The  Great  Runner). 
e.— I  H'kee-ne  (The  Little  Eater). 

d.— 1 ). 

e.  —  [ )  •  four  young  warriors    in  their  ordinary  ap- 

parol. 

A  numerous  tribe,  living  on  the  coasts  of  Venezuela  and 
British  Guiana.     1852. 

Cart.  No.  449.  Woyaway. 

a. —     Yo-ma-tos-tos  ( ) ;  a  war  chief  of  the  tribe. 

1.—  (  Sum-tee  ( ). 

c. —  (  His-se-tun-ne  ( ) ;  two  young  warriors  armed  and 

equipped  for  war. 

A  small  tribe  of  Guiana  and  Brazil,  inhabiting  the  Acarai 
Mountains.     1852. 

*  For  the  paucity  of  names  amongst  the  South  American  Indian  portraits, 
see  Appendix  A  of  this  Catalogue. 


70  SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  450.  Tariillia. 

Tunxt-6-me  (On  The  Hill) ;  a  secondary  chief,  curi 
ously  dressed  and  painted. 

Min-nee  ( ) ;  wife  of  the  chief. 

0-to-no-tom-me   ( ) ;   a  young   warrior,    dressed 

and  equipped  for  war. 

A  small  tribe,  on  the  upper  Essequibo,  British   Guiana. 
1852. 

Cart.  No.  451.  Goo-a-give. 

( ) ;  a  secondary  chief,  leading  his  little  son. 

O-ho-ko-ra-u-ta  ( ) ;  a  medicine  man  and  orator 

of  the  tribe. 

( ) ;  a  young  warrior,  armed  with  his  lance. 

A  small   remnant  of   a  numerous  tribe,   on  the  coast  of 
Venezuela,  decimated  by  dissipation  and  sinall-pox. 

Cart.  No.  452.  Arowak. 

( ) ;  a  celebrated  medicine  man,  and  claiming  to 

be  a  great  orator. 

(—  — );  a  warrior,  said  to  be  very  distinguished, 
carrying  his  shield  and  war  club. 

TJ-hon-da  ( ) ;  a  young  man,  said  to  be  chief  of 

a  band. 

A  small  and  friendly  tribe  of  British  Guiana.     1852. 

Cart.  No.  453.  Zlirillliati. 

O-be-lohts-dy-ke-dy-ke  (The  Wise  Man  who  Teaches)^ ; 
a  celebrated  sorcerer,  speaking  to  the  Sun,  whilst  his 
portrait  is  being  painted.  1852. 

Cart.  No.  454.  Zliruiliati. 

Wohkst-u-be  ( ) ;    a    young    chief,  handsomely 

equipped  and  armed  with  his  bow  and  war  club. 

(  O'bs-teft  ( ). 

(  U-na-dis-ko-lots  ( ) ;  two  young  men,  equipped 

for  war  and  the  chase. 

A  small  tribe,  entirely  primitive,  about  the  sources  of  the 
Trombutas,  in  northern  Brazil.     1852. 


SOUTH   AMERICA. 


<Jart.  No,  455.  Zuriimati. 

' 


(  -  )  ;  four  Zurumati  children,  selected  by  the  chief, 
to  be  painted.     1852. 


Cart.  No.  456. 

Oxt-wa-kon  (  --  )  ;  a  secondary  chief,  armed  with 
his  bow  and  arrows. 

Fyne-fyne  (-  -  )  ;  a  Macouchi  woman,  wife  of  the 
chief. 

Oo-je-en-na  (  -  )  ;  a  celebrated  warrior,  armed  and 
equipped  for  war, 

A  small  and  friendly  tribe  of  British  Guiana.     1852. 

Cart.  No.  457.  Cdimibo. 

(  -  )  ;  a  very  handsome  man,  said  to  be  the  chief, 
and  much  celebrated,  his  ears  are  elongated  and 
ornamented  with  brass  rings,  and  his  necklace  of  the 
shells  of  nuts. 


( — ) ;  two  Connibo  women,  wives  of  the  chief. 

A  tribe  of  5.000,  inhabiting  the  western  banks  of  the  Rio 
Yucayali  and  the  vast  pampas  del  Sacramento.     1853. 

Cart.  No.  458.  Cdnuibo. 

Tu-wis-kaw  ( ) ;  a  young  bridegroom,   Connibo, 

giving  his  bride,  not  a  "  drive,"  but  a  daily  ride, 
on  the  pampa  del  Sacramento.     1853. 

Cart.  No.  459.  Chetibo. 

Cla-hu-ma  (—  — ) ;  said  to  be  a  secondary  chief,  his 
ears  are  curiously  elongated  and  his  headdress  a 
cotton  shawl. 

Yin-vin-ne  (—  — ) ;  a  Chetibo  woman,  wife  of  the 
chief,  curiously  ornamented  with  the  fragments  of  a 
cotton  shawl  presented  to  her  by  the  author. 

( ) ;  a  Chetibo  boy,  son  of  the  chief. 

A  tribe  of  4,000    (Canoe  Indians),  residing  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Yucayali,  below  the  Connibos.     1853. 


72  SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  460. 

( ) ;  a  fine  man,  said  to  be  a  chief,  his  ears  elon 
gated  and   ornamented  with   plumes  and  skins  of 
paroquets. 

( ) ;  a  Sepibo  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

( )  j  a  famous  warrior,  holding  his  little  son. 

A  small  tribe,  on  the  bank  of  the  Yucayali,  below  the  Chet- 
ibos:  Canoe  Indians,  mostly  destroyed  by  small-pox.  1853. 

Cart.  No.  461.  Iqilito. 

( );    a  celebrated  man,  said  to  be  chief  of  his 

tribe ;  his  ears  curiously  slit  and  elongated  and  orna 
mented. 

(—      — ) ;  an  Iquito  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

( ) ;  a  good  looking  man,  a  fair  specimen  of  the 

tribe,  and  said  also  to  be  a  chief. 

A  very  small  tribe,  reduced  by  small-pox  and  dissipation, 
and  mostly  residing  in  one  small  village,  on  the  bank  of  the 
Amazon,  near  Nauta.  1853. 

Cart.  No.  462.  Omsiglia. 

( );  a  man,  said  to  be  celebrated  and  chief  of  the 

tribe,  armed  with  his  bow  and  arrows. 

( ) ;  this  man,  with  his  ears  elongated  and  curi 
ously  ornamented  with  quills  and  feathers,  was  also 
represented  to  be  a  chief. 

( ) ;  a  medicine  man,  his  ears  slit  and  elongated, 

and  he  wears  at  times  a  huge  boulder  of  flint  at 
tached  to  his  under  lip. 

A  small  fishing  tribe,  south  bank  of  the  Amazon,  near 
Nauta.  1853. 

Cart.  No.  463.  XlllgU. 

Dregs-in-dich  ( ) ;  a  fine  man,  handsomely  dressed, 

and  armed  with  his  lance,  represented  to  be  a  chief. 

( ) ;  a  Xingu  woman,  wife  of  the  above  chief. 

( ) ;  a  warrior,  carrying  his  shield  and  lance. 

A  small  tribe,  on  the  Rio  Xingu,  lower  Amazon.     1853. 


SOUTH    AMEEICA.  73 


Cart.  No.  464.  All  gust  lira. 

|  —     _  j  two  young  men,  thought  to  be  brothers,  hold 
ing  their  paddles. 

| ;   two  young,  unmarried  women,  clad  in  the 

ordinary  mode  of  the  tribe. 

A  small  tribe,  shores  of  Amazon,  above  Tabatinga.     1853. 

Cart.  No.  465.  Mura. 

( ) ;  a  chief,  resting  on  his  lance,  his  ears  slit  and 

elongated,  and  his  body  and  limbs  and  face  most 
curiously  ornamented. 

( ) ;  a  Mura  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

( ) ;  a  young  warrior,  armed  with  his  shield  and 

lance,  and  his  ears  and  face  most  curiously  orna 
mented  with  feathers  and  rings. 

A  small  tribe,  both  sides  of  the  upper  Amazon,  above  the 
Barra. 

Cart.  No.  466.  Maralma. 

( ) ;  an  aged  chief,  seated  on  a  canoe ;  his  ears 

elongated  and  ornamented,  and  his  face  and  body 
decorated  with  blue  beads. 

( ) ;   a  young  man ;   his  body  ornamented  with 

quills,  &c. 

( );  a  Marahua  woman,  and  child,  wife  of  the 

chief. 

A  small  fishing  tribe,  north  bank  of  the  Amazon,  above 
Tabatinga. 

Cart.  No.  467.  Ore  joiia. 

( ) ;  head  chief  of  the  tribe,  his  ears  ornamented 

with  rings,  and  his  upper  lip  and  breasts  are  deco 
rated  with  quills,  &c. 


;  two  Orejona  women,  wives  of  the  chief. 

i;  an  Orejona  boy,  son  of  the  chief,  wearing 
o  ts  in  his  ears  to  elongate  them. 

A  small  fishing  tribe,  living  north  of  the  Amazon,  near 
to  Nauta. 


.     SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  468.  Orcjoiia. 

( ) ;  a  man  of  Herculean  strength,  said  to  be  the 

chief,  holding  his  young  wife  for  her  portrait  to  be 
made,  not  willing  to  have  his  own  painted. 

(—      — ) ;  young  wife  of  the  chief. 

( ) ;  a  group,  amused  at  the  eccentric  affair.. 

Cart.  No.  469.  Chaymas. 

Warn-warn-tsoo  ( );    a  secondary   chief,   armed 

with  his  shield  and  bow. 

( ) ;  a  warrior,  carrying  his  bow  and  quiver. 

( ) ;  a  warrior,  wearing  the  skin  of  a  tiger. 

A  small  remnant  of  a  numerous  tribe,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Rio  Paraguay. 

Cart.  No.  470.  Cliaco. 

Men- e- say-so  ( ) ;  a  chief,  armed  with  his  bow  and 

quiver. 

( ) ;  a  Chaco  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

( ) ;    a    warrior,   carrying  his   shield,   bow,  and 

quiver. 

Small  remnant  of  a  numerous  tribe  of  Horse  Indians,  living 
on  the  right  hand  shore  of  the  Rio  Paraguay. 

<!art.  No.  471.  Payaguas. 

( —  — ) ;  a  very  fine  man,  said  to  be  the  chief  of  the 
tribe :  his  ears  are  elongated,  and  he  wears  a  neck 
lace  of  shells  and  beads. 


;  two  Payaguas  women,  wives  of  the  chief,  wear 
ing  oval  blocks  of  wood  in  the  under  lip,  like  the 
Nayas  Indians  in  North.  America. 

At  present,  a  small  Canoe  tribe,  living  opposite  to  the 
Chacos,  and  always  at  war  with  them. 


Cart.  No.  472. 

(  -  )  ;  a   chief,  armed   with   his  bow  and  arrows  ; 
his  ears  ornamented  with  large  brass  rings  and  beads. 

two   Lengua  women,  wives  of  the  chief, 


wearing  oval  blocks  of  wood  in  their  under  lips. 
A  small  tribe  living  on  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Uruguay. 


SOUTH   AMERICA.  75 


Cart.  No.  473. 

( ) ;  a  medicine  man,  clothed  entirely  with  rattle 
snake  skins ;  his  ears  and  his  under  lip  ornamented 
with  oval  blocks  of  wood. 

) ;  two  young  warriors,  armed,  and  ornament 
ed  with  pendents  of  various  kinds. 

A  small  tribe,  on  the  banks  of  the  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  474.  Botocudo. 

( ) ;  this  man  was  represented  as  chief  of  the 

tribe  ;  his  ears  ornamented  with  oval  blocks  of  wood 
and  lips  decorated  with  quills  and  beads. 

( ) ;  a  Botocudo  woman,  wife  of  the  chief;  wear 
ing  the  oval  block  of  wood  in  her  under  lip. 

( ) ;  a  Botocudo  warrior,  with  the  block  of  wood 

in  his  under  lip. 

( ) ;  a  medicine  man  ;  his  ears  slit  and  his  under 

lip  ornamented  with  oval  blocks  of  wood. 

The  scattered  remnants  of  a  powerful  tribe,  on  and  east  of, 
the  Rio  Parana,  in  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  475.  Botocudo. 

( ) ;  a  chief,  armed  with  a  gun,  his  lower  lip 

ornamented  with  the  oval  block  of  wood. 

( ) ;  a  young  man  ;  his  ears  ornamented  with  the 

oval  blocks  of  wood. 

( ) ;  a  Botocudo  woman,  wife  of  the  chief. 

Cart.  No.  476.  Auca. 


;  three  Auca  children. 
A  small  tribe  south  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Cart.  No.  477.  Puelchees. 

Bon-don-ne   (That  is  IIe)\  a  secondary  chief;  armed 

with  his  shield  and  war  club. 

(  Yep  ( ). 

[  Yo-har-ne  ( ) ;  two  young  warriors,  said  to  be 

distinguished. 

A  small  tribe,  south  of  Buenos  Ayres,  reduced  by  small 
pox  and  dissipation. 


76  SOUTH    AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  478.  Patagon. 

Yal-kok-tsa-me  (The  Big  Gun) ;  (cannon)  chief  of  a 
band  ;  his  history  unknown. 

Paw-in-o-renk  (The  Flying  Cloud) ;  young  brother  of 
the  chief. 

Coche  (The  Blue  Sky) ;  a  young  girl,  daughter  of  the 
chief,  painted  in  Pickett  harbor,  Straits  of  Magel 
lan,  in  1856. 

A  numerous  and  warlike  tribe,  in  Patagonia. 
Cart.  No.  479.  Tobos. 

(  -    — • — );  three  young  men,  names  not  known  ;  their 
ears  ornamented  with  blocks  of  wood  and  rings. 

A  very  small  tribe  on  the  banks  of  Rio  Negro,  of  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  480.  Fliegiail. 

Goy-o-Ge-tenc  (The  Good  Spoon) ;  a  warrior  and  fisher 
man,  armed  with  his  paddle. 

Sham-e-noo  (The  Dog] ;  a  warrior  and  fisherman. 

(—      — ) ;  a  Fuegian  woman,  wife  of  the  above  warrior. 

Gol-gee  (Tobacco) ;  a  young  man,  holding  his  paddle ; 
painted  in  Pickett  harbor,  Straits  of  Magellan,  in 
1856. 

A  small  tribe,  living  in  and  south  of,  the  Straits  of  Magellan. 


Countries  and  Custom*. 

Cart.  No.  481. 

THE  GREAT  ANT-EATER,  visiting  the  author's  camp  on  the 

Eio   Yucayali.      See   Catlin's   "Last  Kambles."— 

Appleton. 

Cart.  No.  482. 

A  LONG  SEANCE,  on  the  Pampa  del  Sacramento,  in  Peru.    The 
author  making  a  sketch. 


SOUTH    AMERICA.  77 


Cart.  No.  483. 

"  THE  HANDSOME  DANCE  "  ("  Mach-e-o-a  ").  Indians,  Goo- 
agives,  of  Yenezuela.  Three  young  girls,  selected 
by  the  chief,  their  bodies  nude,  but  covered  with  pipe 
clay  (having  the  appearance  of  statues),  gave  this 
very  pretty  dance  to  please  the  author.  Their  toes, 
which  were  not  separated  or  lifted  from  the  ground, 
rested  on  tiger  skins,  and  their  motions  were  exceed 
ingly  graceful,  and  in  time  with  the  beating  of  the 
drum. 

Cart.  No.  484. 

PAINTING  THE  PORTRAIT  OF  A  XINGU  CHIEF. — Kio  Xingu. 
1853. 

Cart.  No.  485. 

THROWING  THE  BOLAS. — Auca  Indians  killing  wild  horses  for 
their  hair  and  skins.  (See  "  Catlin's  Last  Rambles.") 

Cart.  No.  486. 

RECONNOITERING  FLAMINGOES,  by  the  author,  in  the  Grand 
Saline  of  Buenos  Ayres.  1856.  (See  "  Last  Ram 
bles." — Appleton.) 

Cart.  No.  487. 

SHOOTING  FLAMINGOES. — Grand  Saline.    (See  "Last  Rambles.") 

Cart.  No.  488. 

OSTRICH  CHASE. — Buenos  Ayres.  1856.  The  author,  armed 
with  a  carabine  revolver  of  Colt,  is  followed  by  Por 
tuguese  and  Auca  Indians,  who  chase  with  the  bolas. 
(See  "  Last  Rambles" — a  juvenile  book. — Appleton.) 

Cart.  No.  489. 

YOUNG  INDIANS  (MaraJiuas\  fishing  on  the  shore  of  the  Ama 
zon,  with  harpoon  arrows. 

Cart.  No.  490. 

AN  OREJONA  TILLAGE. — Upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  491. 

ZURUMATI  TILLAGE. — Sources  of  the  Trombutas.  Northern 
Brazil. 

Cart.  No.  492. 

"  PONT  DE  PALMIERS,"  and  Tiger  Shooting. — Rio  Trombutas. 
Northern  Brazil. 

Cart.  No.  493. 

THE  AUTHOR,  reconnoitered  by  tigers. — Rio  Trombutas.  (See 
u  Life  Amongst  the  Indians." — Appleton.) 


78  SOUTH   AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  494. 

TARUMA  TILLAGE. — Upper  Essequibo,  British  Guiana.  The 
author  exhibiting  his  revolver  rifle  and  its  rapidity 
of  firing,  to  the  astonishment  of  the  natives. 

Cart.  No.  495. 

TURTLE  HUNT  by  torchlight,  on  the  Trombutas. — The  Indians 
having  turned  their  victims  on  their  backs,  the 
women  are  approaching  with  torches,  to  do  the 
butchering. — (See  full  account  in  "Life  Amongst 
the  Indians.") 

Cart.  No.  496. 

A  FIGHT  WITH  PECCARIES. — Rio  Trombutas.  The  author  and 
a  Caribbe  Indian  coming  to  the  rescue  of  Smyth, 
who  is  regularly  "  treed,"  and  his  powder  expended. 
(See  "  Life  Amongst  the  Indians." — Appleton.) 

Cart.  No.  497. 

IGNIS  FATUUS. — Rio  Trombutas.  Zurumati  Indians  approach 
ing  it. 

Cart.  No.  498. 

VIEW  ON  THE  PAMPA  DEL  SACRAMENTO. — The  author  halting 

to  make  a  sketch,  near  the  Eastern  Sierra  of  the 

Andes. 

Cart.  No.  499. 

SHORE  OF  THE  ESSEQUIBO. — The  author  and  his  party  encamp 
ing  in  the  green  forest  of  British  Guiana. 

Cart.  No.  500. 

LUXURIANT  FOREST  on  the  bank  of  the  Amazon,  above 
Obidos. 

Cart.  No.  501. 

YlEW    TAKEN    IN    THE    TuMUCAMACHE    (or  Crystal)    MOUNTAINS, 

Northern  Brazil. 

Cart.  No.  502. 

CARIBBE  VILLAGE,  in  Dutch  Guiana. 

Cart.  No.  503. 

A  FOREST  ABOVE  A  FOREST. — View  taken  on  the  Rio  Trom 
butas,  above  the  great  rapids. 

Cart.  No.  504. 

VIEW  IN  THE  TUMUCAMACHE  (or  Crystal)  MOUNTAINS,  Northern 
Brazil. 

Cart.  No.  505. 

AROWAK  VILLAGE. — British  Guiana. 


SOUTH   AMERICA. 


Cart.  No.  506. 

VIEW  IN  THE  TUMUCAMACHE  (or  Crystal)  MOUNTAINS. 

Cart.  No.  507. 

BOEDER  OF  THE  PAMPA  DEL  SACRAMENTO,  showing  the  Eastern 

Sierra  of  the  Andes,  and  the  forests  of  oranges  and 

palms. 

Cart.  No.  508. 

THE  "  BEETLE  CREVICE,"  in  the  Tumucamache  (or  Crystal) 
Mountains,  Northern  Brazil. 

Cart.  No.  509. 

SHORE  OF  THE  TROMBUTAS,  above  the  great  rapids. 
Cart.  No.  510. 

AN  INDIAN  VILLAGE. — Shore  of  the  Amazon,  above  Obidos. 
Cart.  No.  511. 
A  LAGOON  on  the  shore  of  the  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  512. 

INTERIOR  oj  AN  AMAZON  FOREST. — Zurumati  Indians  trans 
porting  to  market  the  skins  of  wild  cattle  and  turtle 
butter. 

Cart.  No.  513. 

AN  AMAZON  FOREST,  looking  ashore  from  the  steamer. 

Cart.  No.  514. 

SHORE  OF  THE  AMAZON,  below  Tabatinga. 

Cart.  No.  515. 

RHODODENDRON  MOUNTAIN. — A  mountain  covered  with  Rhodo 
dendrons,  and  its  base  surrounded  with  orange  and 
fig  trees.  "  Crystal  Mount  ains." 

Cart.  No.  516. 

VIEW  IN  THE  CRYSTAL  MOUNTAINS. — Brazil. 

I? Cart.  No.  517. 

/   SHOOTING  CONDORS. — The  author  and  his  men,  in  the  Eastern 
Sierra  of  the  Andes. 

Cart.  No.  518. 

MACOUCHI  VILLAGE. — The  author  painting  the  chief. 

Cart.  No.  519. 

RETURN  FROM  A  TURTLE  HUNT. — Connibo  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  520. 

FINISHING  A  CANOE. — Marahua  Indians,  upper  Amazon, 
That  tribe  is  not  annoyed  with  dress. 


80  SOUTH   AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  521. 

EXCAVATING  A  CANOE  with  fire. — Chetibo  Indians,  Yucajali. 
Cart.  No.  522. 

ENCAMPMENT  OF  PATAGONS. — Pickett  harbor,  Strait    of  Ma 
gellan. 

Cart.  No.  523. 

WILD  HORSES  in  the  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 
Cart.  No.  524. 

VIEW  ON  THE  Rio  PARANA.     Wild  peaches  and  oranges  in 
vast  quantities. 

Cart.  No.  525. 

MASQUERADE  DANCE  of  the  Payaguas  Indians,  Rio  Paraguay. 
Cart.  No.  526. 

A  LENGUA  VILLAGE,  on  the  Uruguay. 
Cart.  No.  527. 

A  BOCCALIE  VILLAGE,  Rio  Uruguay. 
Cart.  No.  528. 

MODELING  POTTERY,  Connibo  Indians,  Rio  Yucayali. 
Cart.  No.  529. 

BAKING  POTTERY,  Counibo  Indians. 
Cart.  No.  530. 

CONNIBO  PIPES,  of  burnt  clay. 
Cart.  No.  531. 

SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT.     Marahua  Indians,  upper  Amazon. 
Cart.  No.  532. 

RECONNOITERING  A  HERD  OF  WILD  CATTLE,  on  the  Pampa  del 
Sacramento,  Connibo  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  533. 

WILD  CATTLE  GRAZING  on  the  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  534. 

SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  Xingu  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  535. 

SPEARING  BY  MOONLIGHT,  Chaco  Indians,  Rio  Paraguay. 

Cart.  No.  536. 

DRIVING  THE  PAMPAS  for  wild  cattle,  Connibo  Indians. 

/  Cart.  No.  537. 

I    THROWING  THE  BOLAS,  for  wild  horses,  Connibo  Indians. 


SOUTH     AMERICA.  81 

Cart.  No.  538. 

AN  OREJONA  SMALL  TILLAGE.  The  author  painting  the  chief 
and  his  two  wives.  (Boat  sketches.)  Upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  539. 

AN  OMAGUA  TILLAGE,  southern  shore  of  the  upper  Amazon, 

the  author  getting  the  portrait  of  the  chief  and  wife, 

from  his  boat.     (Boat  sketch.) 

Cart.  No.  540. 

A  MURA  ENCAMPMENT,  shore  of  the  upper  Amazon,  the  author 

sketching  the  chief  and  wife  from  his  boat.     (A  loaf 

sketch.) 

Cart.  No.  541. 

A  MAYORUNA  TILLAGE,  north  shore  of  the  upper  Amazon,  the 
author  gets  his  sketches  from  the  cupola  of  his  boat. 

Cart.  No.  542. 

A  YA-HU-A  TILLAGE.  The  author  getting  his  portraits  and 
sketches  whilst  the  boatman  is  trading  for  fish  and 
turtles'  eggs,  south  shore  of  the  upper  Amazon. 
(Boat  sketch.) 

Cart.  No.  543. 

TIEW  OF  THE  SHORE  OF  THE  AMAZON  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Rio  Jupura.  (Boat  sketch.) 

Cart.  No.  544. 

ENCAMPMENT  OF  COCOMAS,  looking  ashore  from  the  steamer, 
north  bank  of  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  545. 

TAPUYA  ENCAMPMENT.     The  author  ashore,  and  the  Indians 

giving  the  war  dance,  north  shore  of  the  Amazon, 

above  Obidos. 

Cart.  No.  546. 

MAUIIEES  ENCAMPMENT,  looking  ashore  from  the  steamer,  be 
low  Rio  Negro,  lower  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  547. 

TIEW  AT  THE  MOUTH  OF  Rio  PQRUS,  upper  Amazon,  above 
the  Barra. 

Cart.  No.  548. 

A  MIRITI  FOREST,  mouth  of  Orinoko.  Caribbe  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  549. 

A  LA.GOON,  of  the  upper  Amazon. — The  Alligator's  Home. 


82  SOUTH    AMERICA. 

Cart.  No.  550. 

PAINTING  THE  TOBOS  CHIEF,  Rio  Negro,  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  551. 

A  TOBOS  SMALL  TILLAGE,  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  552. 

IGNIS  FATUUS,  Rio  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  553. 

AN  ALLIGATOR'S  NEST. — Lagoon  of  the  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  554. 

ENTRANCE  TO  A  LAGOON,  shore  of  the  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  555. 

A  CONNIBO  VILLAGE,  on  the  border  of  the  Pampa  del  Sacra 
mento. 
Cart.  No.  556. 
BAND  OF  WILD  HORSES,  on  the  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  557. 

CONNIBOS,  starting  for  wild  horses,  with  lassos,  Pampa  del 
Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  558. 

"  GRAND  L AVOIR,"  Pampa  del  Sacramento.  The  wild  horsesr 
come  to  these  pools  in  vast  herds,  and,  exhausted 
from  thirst,  many  kill  each  other  in  terrible  conflicts, 
and  others  die  from  over-drinking,  and  their  bones 
whiten  the  plains  for  miles  around. 

Cart.  No.  559. 

PAINTING  THE  LENGUA  CHIEF,  shore  of  the  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  560. 

SHORE  OF  THE  URUGUAY. — Making  a  sketch,  below  Conception. 

Cart.  No.  561. 

YIEW  ON  THE  PAMPA  DEL  SACRAMENTO — the  Andes  in  dis 
tance. 

Cart.  No.  562. 

LENGUA  INDIANS  ascending  the  Rapids  of  Rio  Uruguay. 

Cart.  No.  563. 

A  SMALL  LENGUA  VILLAGE. — The  author  painting  the  chief 
and  wife  from  his  canoe.  Rio  Uruguay. 


SOUTH    AMERICA.  83 

Cart.  No.  564. 

A  SMALL  LENGUA  VILLAGE,  Uruguay. 
Cart.  No.  565. 

A  SMALL  TILLAGE. — Payaguas  Indians,  lower  Uruguay. 
Cart.  No.  566. 

A  SMALL  VILLAGE  of  Remos  Indians,  border  of  Patnpa  del 
Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  567. 

HOUSE  DANCE. — Remos  Indians.     Border  of  Pampa  del  Sac 
ramento. 

Cart.  No.  568. 

BREAKING  WILD  HORSES. — Pacapacurus  Indians.     Border  of 
Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  569. 

MASQUERADE  DANCE. — Remos  Indians.    "Western  border  of 
Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  570. 

ORANGE  AND  PALM  GROVES. — Northern  border  of  Pampa  del 
Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  571. 

A  CANOE  BATTLE. — Chetibos  and  Connibos.    Rio  Yucayali. 
Cart.  No.  572. 

A  CHETIBO  VILLAGE. — Eastern  shore  of  Rio  Yucayali.     The 
women  drying  fish. 

Cart.  No.  573. 

CHETIBOS,  PASSING  THE  LOWER  RAPIDS. — Rio  Yucayali. 
Cart.  No.  574. 

A  FOREST  OF  MONKEYS. — Rio  Yucayali. 
Cart.  No.  575. 

A  SEPIBO  VILLAGE.     Rio  Yucayali,  west  bank. 
Cart.  No.  576. 

TRANSPORTING  HORSE  HAIR  AND  HORSE  HIDES. — Pacapacurus 
Indians.     Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  577. 

CONNIBO  INDIANS  MOURNING  for  the  death  of  an  infant. 

Cart.  No.  578. 

A  MEDICINE  MAN  (SORCERER). — Visiting  a  sick  woman.    Con 
nibos,  Rio  Yucayali. 


84:  SOUTH    AMEEIOA. 

Cart.  No.  579. 

NET  FISHING. — Connibo  Indians. 

Cart.  No.  580. 

YIEW  IN  THE  GRAND  RAPIDS. — Chetibo  Indians  passing  the 
"  Grand  Chute  "  in  their  canoes.     Rio  Yucayali. 

Cart.  No.  58 L 

SEPLBO    ENCAMPMENT. — Gathering    turtles'   eggs.     Rio    Yu 
cayali. 

Cart.  No.  582. 

OMAGUA  INDIANS  (group  of)  at  ISTauta,  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  583. 

IQUITO  INDIANS  DANCING  for  presents,  before  the  passengers 

of  the  steamer  Marajo,  at  E"auta,  upper  Amazon. 

1854. 

Cart.  No.  584. 

MOUTH  OF  Rio  PURUS,  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  ^b.'585/ 

INDIAN  WOMEN  (COCOMAS)  bringing  fish  and  turtles'  eggs  into 
Nauta,  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  586. 

A  CANOE  RACE,  by  Cocoma  and  Iquito  women. 

Cart.  No.  587. 

A  GROUP  OF  YAHUA  BOYS. — Upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  588. 

YAHUA  BOYS,  practicing  with  their  blow-guns  (sarbacanes). 

Cart.  No.  589. 

THE  MOUTH  OF  Rio  YUCAYALI. 

Cart.  No.  590. 

INTERIOR  OF  AN  IQUITO  WIGWAM,  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  591. 

A  CONNIBO  WIGWAM. — Border  of  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  592. 

PACAPACURUS  VILLAGE. — Border  of  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 

Cart.  No.  593. 

INDIANS,  CONNIBO,  in  a  storm,  on  the  Pampa  del  Sacramento. 


SOUTH    AMERICA.  85 

Cart.  No.  594. 

HALTING  TO  MAKE  A  SKETCH. — Border  of  the  Pampa  del  Sac 
ramento. 

Cart.  No.  595. 

A  CONNIBO  SMALL  TILLAGE. — Border  of  the  Pampa  del  Sac 
ramento. 

Cart.  No.  596. 

SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  on  the  Amazon. 
Cart.  No.  597. 

SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  on  the  Amazon. 
Cart.  No.  598. 

SPEARING  BY  TORCHLIGHT,  on  the  Amazon. 
Cart.  No.  599. 

TICUMA  INDIANS. — Brigade  of  canoes  returning  from  a  fishing 
excursion.     Upper  Amazon,  north  shore. 

Cart.  No.  600. 

TICUMA  INDIANS,  drying  fish. — Shore  of  the  upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  601. 

YIEW  OF  TABATINGA,  from  the  river  below. 

Cart.  No.  602. 

GROUP  OF  MAYORUNAS. — Children.     Upper  Amazon. 

Cart.  No.  603. 

AN  INDIAN  WEDDING.- — Omagua  Indians,  upper  Amazon. 


APPENDIX  A. 

THIS  note  will  explain  the  vexatious  difficulties  about  Indian 
names  in  South  America,  and  also  communicate  some  curious  inci 
dents  of  voyage  worth  being  known. 

From  1852  to  1857,  1  made  three  voyages  from  Paris  to  South 
and  Central  America.  In  my  first  voyage,  I  left  Para,  mouth  of 
Amazon,  on  the  steamer  Marajo,  having  been  advised  to  visit  the 
numerous  Catholic  missions  on  the  Amazon  and  its  confluents,  as  the 
means  of  making  my  Indian  portraits  and  other  sketches  on  the 
shores  of  that  river. 

I  visited  one  of  these,  and  was  received  and  treated  with  kind 
ness.  I  stayed  nearly  two  weeks,  and,  owing  to  their  superstitions, 
got  not  one  sitter.  The  civilized  Indians  about  these  establishments 
did  not  suit  me ;  the  time  and  expense  I  could  not  afford  ;  and  with 
unfortunate  deafness  (making  me  a  tedious  guest  among  strangers), 
to  listen  to  the  thousand  questions  put  to  me  in  Spanish  and  Lingua 
Geral  (neither  of  which  did  I  at  that  time  understand),  though  kindly 
meant,  worried  me,  and  having  an  English  passport  with  an  English 
name,  I  could  not  be  known  in  that  suspicious  country  as  Geo. 
Catlin  with  a  different  name  in  my  pocket.  In  this  dilemma,  I  re 
turned  to  Para,  and  soon  looked  up  Smyth,  who  had  crossed  the 
Acarai  Mountains  with  me  from  British  Guiana,  and  who  had  stopped 
in  Para,  with  nothing  as  yet  to  do,  and  with  him  I  took  steamer  to 
the  Barra,  to  Tabatinga  and  Nauta.  At  the  latter  place  I  found 
a  Portuguese,  the  owner  of  a  cupola  trading  boat,  with  whom  I 
made  an  arrangement  to  descend  the  Amazon  with  us  to  Obidos,  a 
distance  of  1,000  miles,  giving  me  every  opportunity  of  stopping  in 
front  of  the  various  Indian  villages  and  making  my  sketches.  The 
cupola  enabled  us  three  to  sleep  comfortably,  and  was  a  good  atelier 
in  which  to  finish  up  my  sketches  as  we  moved  along;  and  with 
the  exhilarating  prospect  before  me  of  seeing,  face  to  face,  and  in 
their  native  habits  and  expressions,  ten  thousand  Indians,  and  the 
magnificent  shores  of  the  Amazon,  we  started  off. 

The  owner  of  the  boat,  a  river  trader,  was  familiar  with  the 
localities  of  most  of  the  tribes  of  the  upper  Amazon,  and  though  not 
speaking  their  languages,  had  a  tolerable  facility  of  conversation 
with  them  by  signs  manual. 

With  these  advantages,  I  trusted  to  getting  my  sketches  as  we 
descended  the  river,  anchoring  our  boat  in  front  of  their  villages  and 
encampments,  as  we  might  discover  them. 

In  the  first  day  of  our  voyage,  we  anchored  in  front  of  a  small 
village,  and  the  boatman,  who  knew  the  chief,  invited  him  and  his 
wife  on  board,  and  I  made  a  portrait  of  him. 

It  was  taken  ashore  and  created  a  great  excitement  among  the 
crowd,  and  his  wife  agreed  to  be  painted  the  next  morning,  and  came 
with  the  chief  for  the  purpose.  I  asked  the  chief  for  his  name,  to  be 


88  APPENDIX. 


put  on  the  back  of  the  portrait,  but  a  medicine  man  who  came  on 
board  with  them  raised  violent  objections  to  it,  alleging  that  if  the 
chief  gave  his  name  to  be  put  on  the  back  of  the  picture,  he  would  be 
a  man  without  a  name,  and  that  some  harm  would  certainly  accrue  to 
him.  "This  man,"  said  he  to  the  chief,  "has  got  your  skin,  from 
the  top  of  your  head  to  the  bottom  of  your  feet,  and  in  a  little  time 
he  will  have  glass  eyes  in  it.  How  will  you  feel  then  ?  how  will  you 
sleep  ?  A  few  years  since,  several  such  things  were  made  at  the 
Barra,  and  every  one  who  was  painted,  or  some  of  their  relatives, 
died  soon  after." 

At  this  the  wife  of  the  chief  became  frightened,  and  refused  to 
be  painted ;  and  when  she  was  told  that  I  was  going  to  take  the 
chief's  portrait  with  me,  she  commenced  crying  and  howling  in  the 
most  piteous  manner,  and  the  affrighted  crowd  dispersed  on  the  shore. 
A  bright-colored  cotton  shawl,  however,  quieted  the  poor  woman, 
and  as  we  were  about  to  start  off,  the  medicine  mean  bawled  out  to  us 
sarcastically,  as  he  turned  his  back  upon  us,  the  chief's  name,  no 
doubt,  from  his  manner,  and  as  the  boatman  said,  a  fictitious  one. 

We  moved  on  and  soon  were  in  front  of  an  encampment  of  some 
fifty  or  sixty,  a  fishing  party  of  the  same  tribe.  We  anchored  at  the 
shore,  and  brought  the  whole  party  to  the  water's  edge,  but,  for  no 
consideration  that  we  could  offer,  would  any  one  allow  his  portrait 
to  be  painted,  and  we  moved  along  again. 

From  the  events  of  those  two  days,  I  foresaw  the  difficulties  ahead 
of  me,  and  was  nearly  discouraged.  The  shores  of  this  mighty  river, 
lined  with  tens  of  thousands  of  human  beings  unchanged  by  civiliza 
tion,  and  in  their  simple,  native  habits  and  in  their  own  homes,  the 
most  interesting  display  of  savage  life  that  could  appear  to  me  during 
my  existence,  and  for  which  alone  I  was  a  voluntary  and  unknown 
exile  to  this  distant  land,  and  my  project  to  be  lost,  or  to  be  achieved 
by  a  manoeuvre. 

A  council  was  held,  and  it  was  resolved  that  my  sketches  must 
be  made  (if  made  at  all),  without  their  knowledge,  and  without  excit 
ing  their  suspicions. 

Our  boat  was  afterwards  anchored  in  front  of  their  villages  and 
encampments,  some  four  or  five  yards  from  the  shore,  bringing  the 
excited  groups  with  their  toes  to  the  water's  edge,  when  1  took  my 
pick  of  them,  at  full  length,  as  my  portfolio  was  screened  from  their 
view  by  the  bulwark  of  the  boat  or  by  the  transparent  sides  of  the 
cupola ;  whilst  Smyth,  conspicuous  in  his  scarlet  capot,  riveted  their 
attention  by  discharging  cylinder  after  cylinder  of  my  revolver  rifle, 
the  first  ever  seen  on  that  river ;  and  if  the  seance  was  not  long 
enough  for  my  object,  the  boatman  held  them  amused  with  his  fiddle, 
which  often  set  them  to  dancing  and  at  other  amusements,  or  dis 
played  on  the  bulwark  of  his  boat  a  variety  of  bright-colored  cotton 
shawls  and  other  attractive  objects  with  which,  as  a  trader,  he  was 
supplied,  and  struck  up  a  trade  for  fish,  fruit,  and  turtles'  eggs,  with 
which  we  were  in  this  way  abundantly  supplied. 

Our  halts  were  more  often  in  front  of  their  encampments  and 


APPENDIX. 


89 


fishing  parties  than  before  their  villages,  for  there  my  plans  were 
not  impeded  or  learned  by  the  inquisitive  gaucho  population,  who 
live  in  or  contiguous  to  most  of  the  Indian  villages. 

By  this  means,  during  the  sixty-nine  days  which  took  us  to 
Obidos,  I  obtained  what  I  never  could  have  obtained  in  any  other 
way.  I  saw  and  made  my  sketches  amongst  thirty  different  tribes, 
containing  many  thousands  of  those  simple  people,  in  their  canoes,  at 
their  fishing  occupations,  and  in  groups  at  the  river's  shore;  and^our 
little  boat,  being  subject  to  my  own  control,  enabled  me  to  run  into 
the  coves  and  lagoons  inaccessible  to  steamers,  and  to  see  and 
sketch  the  unknown  grandeur  of  those  solitudes— the  gloomy  but 
decorated  abodes  of  reptiles  and  alligators. 

By  the  mode  explained  (and  by  that  mode  alone)  I  was  sure  of 
obtaining  their  portraits,  and  sure  of  bringing  them  away,  and  as  sure 
of  losing  their  unimportant  names,  after  having  painted  my  pic 
tures  ;  for  to  have  demanded  their  names  would  have  excited  their 
suspicions  and  superstitions,  and  defeated  my  object.  And  if  asked 
for  and  given,  no  correct  translation  could  have  been  obtained 
through  our  signs  manual. 

My  portraits  and  sketches  of  scenery  in  South  America,  have 
nearly  all  been  made  in  boats  or  canoes,  alike  on  the  Amazon,  the 
Uruguay,  and  the  Yucayali,  or  in  the  open  air  of  the  Pampas  or 
Llanos,  as  seen  in  my  numerous  paintings,  without  interpreta 
tions,  that  would  authorize  me  to  hold  myself  responsible  for  the 
correctness  of  any  names  thus  procured. 

These  timid  and  superstitious  people  would  not  give  their  real 
names  to  strangers  passing  them  in  a  boat,  and  would  be  very  great 
fools  if  they  did. 

I  had  too  much  character  and  type  constantly  before  me  to 
think  much  of  Indian  names,  and  of  those  which  my  men  picked  up  on 
the  shore,  correctly  or  incorrectly  given,  and  which  I  had  registered, 
I  have  struck  out  many ;  and  for  the  correctness  of  the  rest  (not  to 
mislead  any  one),  I  am  unwilling  to  vouch,  being  under  the  convic 
tion  that  more  or  less  of  them  are  wrong. 

In  my  travels  in  North  America  also,  in  my  remotest  wander 
ings,  when  I  have  met  and  painted  Indians  in  the  prairies,  away 
from  their  villages,  I  have  had  no  faith  in  their  names  given,  as  all 
Indians,  away  from  home,  on  war  parties  or  hunting  excursions, 
refuse  to  give  their  real  names  to  strangers  whom  they  meet ;  and  if 
they  have  an  interpreter  with  them,  he  is  instructed,  at  the  peril  of 
his  life,  to  keep  their  individual  identity  unknown. 

In  that  hemisphere,  also,  where  the  Indians  are  more  intelligent, 
less  superstitious,  and  more  warlike,  and  their  names  more  cele 
brated  and  more  important,  when  1  have  painted  them  in  their 
villages  or  in  the  trading  establishments,  I  have  generally  obtained, 
with  accuracy,  their  names,  with  translations,  as  seen  in  the  forepart 
of  this  catalogue;  and  even  there,  the  most  famous  of  them  take 
new  names  for  every  great  achievement. 

THE  AUTHOR. 


APPENDIX  B. 

Synopsis  of  the  author's  roamings  in  gathering  the 
paintings  enumerated  in  this  Catalogue. 

In  the  years  1830  and  1831  (40  years  ago)  I  accompanied  Gov 
ernor  Clark,  of  St.  Louis,  then  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  to 
treaties  held  with  the  Winnebagos  and  Menomonies,  the  Shawanos, 
and  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  in  these  interviews  began  the  series  of  my 
Indian  paintings. 

In  1831  I  visited,  with  Governor  Clark,  the  Konzas,  and,  return 
ing  to  St.  Louis,  painted  the  portraits  of  "  Black  Hawk"  and  five  of 
his  warriors,  prisoners  of  war  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  at  the  close  of 
the  "Black  Hawk  War." 

In  the  spring  of  1832  I  ascended  the  Missouri,  on  the  steamer 
"  Yellow  Stone,"  to  Fort  Union,  mouth  of  Yellow  Stone  River,  and 
descended  the  Missouri  to  St.  Louis,  in  a  canoe,  with  two  men,  a 
distance  of  2,000  miles,  steering  it  the  whole  way  with  my  own  pad-* 
die  ;  and  in  that  campaign  visited  and  painted  the  Mandans,  Crows, 
Blackfeet,  K'nisteneux,  Assinneboins,  Minatarrees,  Riccarrees,  Sioux, 
Puncahs,  and  lowas. 

In  the  summer  of  1833  I  ascended  the  Platte  to  Fort  Laramie, 
visiting  the  two  principal  villages  of  the  Pawnees,  and  also  the 
Omahas  and  Ottoes,  and  at  t'..e  Fort  saw  a  great  number  of  Arapa- 
hos  and  Cheyennes,  and  rode  to  the  shores  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake, 
when  the  Mormons  were  yet  building  their  Temple  at  Nauvoo,  on 
the  Mississippi  (38  years  ago). 

In  the  spring  of  1834  I  ascended  the  Mississippi,  to  the  Fall  of 
St.  Anthony,  saw  the  Mississippi  Sioux,  the  Ojibbeways,  and  Sau- 
kies,  and  descended  the  Mississippi  to  St.  Louis— 900  miles — in  a 
bark  canoe,  with  one  man,  Corporal  Allen,  steering  with  my  own 
paddle. 

In  1835  I  made  a  second  visit  to  the  Fall  of  St.  Anthony,  steam 
ing  from  Buffalo  to  Green  Bay — ascending  the  Fox,  and  descending 
the  Wisconsin  rivers,  600  miles,  in  a  bark  canoe,  to  Prairie  du  Chien, 
and  thence  by  canoe,  450  miles,  to  the  fall  of  St.  Anthony.  From 
the  Fall  of  St.  Anthony  I  ascended  the  St.  Peter's  to  the  "  Pipe 
Stone  Quarry,"  on  the  Coteau  des  Prairies,  and  descended  the  St. 
Peter's  in  a  canoe  with  my  English  companion,  Mr.  Wood,  150 
miles,  to  the  Fall  of  St.  Anthony,  and  from  that,  a  second  time,  to 
St.  Louis,  in  a  bark  canoe,  900  miles,  steering  with  my  own  paddle. 

In  the  spring  of  1836  I  obtained  permission  from  Governor  Cass 
(then  Secretary  of  War)  to  accompany  the  1st  Regiment  of  Mounted 
Dragoons,  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Dodge,  to  the  Camanchees 
and  other  southwestern  tribes.  We  saw  in  the  campaign  of  that 
summer  all  of  the  Camanchees,  the  Osages,  the  Pawnee  Picts,  the 


APPENDIX.  91 


Kiowas,  and  Wicos,  and,  at  the  Kiowa  village,  a  large  number  of 
Arapahos ;  and  visiting  the  Pawnee  Picts,  an  encampment  of  Jic- 
carrilla  Apaches  and  Navahos ;  and  at  and  near  Fort  Gibson,  on  the 
Arkansaw,  the  Cherokees,  the  Choctaws,  and  Creeks,  then  recently 
removed  from  Georgia  and  Alabama. 

From  Fort  Gibson,  on  my  horse  "  Charley,"  without  a  road  or  a 
track,  and  alone,  I  rode  to  St,  Louis,  a  distance  of  550  miles,  guided 
by  my  pocket  compass,  and  swimming  the  rivers,  as  I  met  them. 

In  1837  I  went  to  the  coast  of  Florida,  to  see  the  Seminolees  and 
Euchees  ;  and  in  1838  made  a  voyage  from  New  York  to  Charleston, 
to  paint  Osceola  and  the  other  Seminolee  chiefs,  then  prisoners  of 
war. 

1  afterwards  made  my  Exhibition  in  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Washington,  and  Boston,  and  then  went  to  London  and  opened  in 
the  Egyptian  Hall,  paying  rent,  £500  per  annum,  for  three  years ; 
then  went  to  Paris  with  it,  showed  it  in  the  "  Salle  Valentino,"  and 
afterwards,  by  command  of  Louis  Philippe,  in  the  "  Salle  des  Se 
ances,"  in  the  Louvre.  The  revolution  turned  me  out  "  neck  and 
heels,"  and,  at  great  expense  I  got  my  Collection  out  of  Paris  and 
to  London,  and  opened  in  Place  Waterloo,  for  two  years. 

In  1852  I  sailed  to  Havanna,  to  Venezuela,  went  to  the  Orinoko 
and  Demerara  ;  ascended  the  Essequibo,  crossed  the  Tumucamache 
(or  Crystal)  Mountains,  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Trombutas,  which 
I  descended  in  a  pirogue,  to  the  Amazon,  at  Obidos,  as  described  in 
"  Life  amongst  the  Indians  "  (Appleton),  and  from  that  to  Para,  hav 
ing  seen  Carribbees,  Gooagives,  Arowaks,  Way  away  s,  Macouchies, 
Tarumas,  and  Zurumatis, 

From  Para  (near  20  years  ago),  I  took  steamer  to  the  Barra,  to 
Tabatinga,  and  Nauta  ;  from  Nauta  I  descended  the  Amazon  to  Obi 
dos,  1,000  miles,  in  a  cupola  boat,  as  described  in  Appendix  A  of 
this  catalogue,  helping  to  row  my  own  boat,  and  seeing  30  of  the 
100  tribes  of  Indians  said  to  inhabit  the  shores  of  that  river. 

I  afterwards  ascended  the  Amazon  again,  and  went  on  a  gold- 
hunting  expedition  to  the  Acarai  Mountain,  described  in  "  Last 
Rambles"  (a  juvenile  book,  Appleton).  Returning  to  the  Amazon 
I  took  an  ascending  steamer  to  Nauta,  and  ascended  the  Yucayali  to 
the  Connibos,  400  miles,  and  made  a  tour  on  horseback  across  the 
"  Pampas  del  Sacramento,"  to  the  base  of  the  eastern  sierra  of  the 
Andes,  making  many  sketches  of  the  beautiful  pampas  and  moun 
tains.  And  seeing  on  the  Yucayali  and  the  Pampas,  the  Remos, 
Pacapacurus,  the  Connibos,  the  Chetibos,  and  Sepibos ;  descended 
the  Yucayali  in  a  pirogue  to  Nauta,  crossed  the  mountains  by  the 
mail  route  to  Lima,  steamed  to  Panama,  to  St.  Diego,  and  San  Fran 
cisco,  and  took  a  sailing  vessel  to  the  mouth  of  Columbia,  to  Nootka 
Sound,  Queen  Charlotte's  Inlet  and  Island,  to  Liska,  in  the  Alaeutian 
Islands,  to  Kamskatka,  to  Sitka,  back  to  Queen  Charlotte's,  and  to 
Victoria,  seeing  Indians — Klahoquats,  Hydas,  Nay  as,  Chippewyans, 
Stone,  Dogrib,  Athapascas,  Esquimaux,  Alaeutians,  and  the  Koriaks 
about  Petropolovski,  in  Kamskatka. 


Vz  APPENDIX. 

From  Victoria  I  went  to  the  Dalles,  on  the  Columbia,  to  Walla 
Walla,  and  on  horseback  to  the  Salmon  River  Valley,  crossed  the 
Salmon  River  Mountains  into  the  Snake  River  Valley  at  Fort  Hall, 
made  a  visit  to  the  Great  (or  "Smoky")  Falls  of  the  Snake  River, 
made  many  sketches,  and  returned  to  Walla  Walla,  to  Portland,  and 
thence  by  steamer  to  San  Francisco  and  St.  Diego;  having  seen 
Indians — Paunch  (a  band  of  Crows),  Walla  Wallas,  Snakes,  and 
Flatheads  in  many^  bands. 

From  St.  Diego,  on  horseback,  crossing  the  Colorado  of  the 
West  at  La  Paz,  and  Rocky  Mountains  to  St.  Diego  on  the  Ria 
Grande  del  Norte,  and  from  that  point,  in  a  "  dug-out,"  steering  with 
my  own  paddle,  descended  that  river  to  El  Paso,  and  to  Matamoras, 
800  miles,  seeing  Indians,  Cochemtees,  Mohaves,  Yumas,  Yumayas, 
and  several  bands  of  the  Apachees. 

In  1855,  from  Matamoras,  I  sailed  for  Sisal,  in  Yucatan — visited 
the  ruins  of  Uxmal,  painted  Indians,  Mayas;  sailed  from  Sisal  to 
Havre,  went  to  Paris,  and  to  Berlin  to  see  my  old  friend  the  Baron 
de  Humboldt,  then  in  his  87th  year,  who  presented  me  to  the  king 
and  queen  at  "  Sans  Souci,"  and  gave  me  a  letter  of  introduction  to 
Baron  Bonpland  in  Santana,  in  Uruguay,  to  which  place  I  was  pre 
paring  to  start  in  a  few  days. 

I  took  steamer  at  Havre  in  the  fall  of  that  year  for  Rio  de  Janeiro 
and  Buenos  Ayres,  from  Buenos  Ay  res  by  steamer,  up  the  Paraguay 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Parana,  ascended  the  Parana  on  a  trading  boat 
700  miles,  and  crossed  the  "  Entre  Rios  "  Mountains  to  Conception, 
on  the  headwaters  of  the  Uruguay,  and  descended  that  river,  700 
miles,  in  a  pirogue,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Negro,  steering  with  my 
own  paddle,  and  thence  to  Buenos  Ayres,  seeing  Indians,  Chaymas, 
Chacos,  Payaguas,  Botocudos,  and  Tobos,  and,  in  a  ride  to  the  Ria 
Salaclo  and  the  "  Grand  Saline,"  saw  the  Aucas  and  Puelches. 

From  Buenos  Ayres,  in  1856,  by  a  sailing  packet,  I  coasted  the 
whole  length  of  Patagonia,  and  passed  through  the  Strait  of  Magel 
lan,  seeing  Indians,  an  encampment  of  Patagons  and  Fuegians ; 
sailed  to  Panama ;  by  rail  went  to  Chagres,  and  thence  to  Car- 
raccas,  in  Venezuela,  a  second  time,  and  to  Santa  Martha  and  the 
lake  and  mountains  of  Maricaybo,  to  witness  the  effects  of  the  cata 
clysm  of  the  Antilles,  where  the  Andes  chain  was  broken,  and  of 
which  some  account  (as  well  as  of  some  of  my  last  rambles  of  three 
years,  to  see  rocks,  not  Indians)  will  be  seen  in  my  little  book, 
"  Lifted  and  Subsided  Rocks  of  America." 

GEO.  CATLIN. 


APPENDIX  C. 

CERTIFICATES. 


"  Mandan  Religious  Ceremony" 

"  We,  the  undersigned,  hereby  certify  that  we  witnessed  with 
Mr.  Catlin,  the  four  days'  religious  ceremony  of  the  Mandans,  and 
that  he  has  faithfully  represented  those  scenes  in  his  four  paintings, 
to  which  this  certificate  is  attached,  as  we  saw  them  transacted, 
without  addition  or  exaggeration. 

«J.  KIPP, 

Agent  of  Fur  Company  at  Fort  Clarke,  Mandan  Village. 
"  L.  CRAWFORD, 

Clerk  of  do. 

"ABRAHAM  BOGARD, 
Mandan  Village,  23d  July,  1832." 

Letter  from  Baron  de  Eamboldt  to  the  Author. 

"^POTSDAM,  BERLIN,  9th  June,  1856. 
"  To  GEORGE  CATLIN,  ESQ.,  care  of  Aime  Bonpland.   in  Uruguay, 

South  America : 

"  My  Dear  Friend^-*      *  *          *         *         * 

An  immense  scrap-book  on  the  North  American  Indians,  written  by 
Schoolcraft,  for  the  government  of  the  United  States,  in  three  huge 
volumes,  has  been  sent  to  me  as  a  present ;  and  I  find,  in  looking 
into  it,  that  he  denies  the  truth  of  your  descriptions  of  the  ' Mandan 
Religious  Ceremonies?  distinctly  saying  that  they  are  contrary  to 
facts,  and  that  they  are  the  works  of  your  imagination,  &c. 

"  Now,  my  dear  and  esteemed  friend,  this  charge,  made  by  such 
a  man  as  Schoolcraft,  and  '  under  the  authority  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States?  to  stand  in  the  libraries  of  the  scientific  institu 
tions  of  the  whole  civilized  world,  to  which  they  are  being  sent  as 
presents  from  your  government,  is  calculated,  not  only  to  injure 
your  hard-earned  good  name,  but  to  destroy  the  value  of  your  pre 
cious  works,  through  all  ages,  unless  you  take  immediate  steps  with 
the  government  of  your  country  to  counteract  its  effects. 

"  I  have  often  conversed  with  our  illustrious  traveler  in  America, 
the  Prince  Maximilian,  of  Neuweid,  who  spent  a  winter  with  the 
Mandans,  subsequent  to  your  visit  to  them,  and  gained  information 
from  the  chiefs,  entirely  corroborating  your  descriptions.  You 
should  write  to  the  Prince  at  once,  and  getting  a  letter  from  him 
(with  your  other  proofs),  lay  it  before  the  government  of  your 
country,  which  cannot  fail,  by  some  legislative  act,  to  do  you  jus 
tice.  Your  sincere  friend, 

A.  HUMBOLDT. 


94:  APPENDIX. 


On  my  return  from  South  America,  as  advised  in  the  above  letter,  I  wrote 
to  the  Prince  Maximilian  as  follows  : 


Letter  from  Geo.  Cutlin  to  Prince  Maximilian,  of 

BRUXELLES,  December  2,  1866. 

Dear  Prince  —  Since  we  traveled  together  on  the  upper  Missouri, 
Mr.  Schoolcraft,  who  has  published  a  large  work  on  the  North 
American  Indians,  for  the  United  States  government,  and  who 
never  had  the  industry  or  the  courage  to  go  within  one  thousand 
miles  of  the  Mandans,  has  endeavored  to  impeach  my  descriptions 
of  the  Mandan  religious  ceremonies,  which,  as  the  tribe  has  become 
extinct,  he  has  supposed  rested  on  my  testimony  alone.  In  his 
great  work,  "  under  the  authority  of  the  government,"  and  presented 
to  the  literary  and  scientific  institutions  of  the  whole  civilized  world, 
he  has  denied  that  those  voluntary  tortures  ever  took  place,  and  has 
attributed  them  to  my  "  very  fertile  imagination,"  tending,  there 
fore,  to  deprive  ethnology  of  the  most  extraordinary  custom  of  the 
North  American  Indians,  and  to  render  my  name  infamous  in  all 
future  ages,  unless  1  can  satisfactorily  refute  so  foul  a  calumny. 

Your  highness  spent  the  winter  with  the  Mandans,  subsequent  to 
the  summer  season  in  which  I  witnessed  those  ceremonies,  and,  of 
course,  lived  in  the  constant  society  of  Mr.  Kip,  the  fur  trader  at 
that  post,  who  witnessed,  in  company  with  me,  the  whole  of  those 
four  days'  ceremonies,  and  interpreted  everything  for  me,  and  from 
whom  you,  no  doubt,  drew  a  detailed  account  of  those  scenes  as  we 
saw  them  together. 

I  send  you  with  this  letter  my  four  oil  paintings  of  those  four 
days'  ceremonies,  made,  as  they  now  are,  in  the  Mandan  village,  and 
seen  and  approved  by  the  chiefs  and  the  whole  tribe,  and  having 
attached  to  their  backs  the  certificates  of  Mr.  Kipp  and  two 
other  men  who  were  with  us,  that  "  those  paintings  represent 
strictly  what  we  saw,  and  without  exaggeration." 

I  send  you  also  herewith  the  manuscript  of  a  work  ("  0-Jcee-pa"), 
descriptive  of  those  ceremonies,  which  I  am  about  to  publish  ;  and 
on  reading  this  and  examining  my  paintings,  you  will  be  able  to 
inform  me  and  the  world,  how  far  my  descriptions  of  those  scenes 
will  be  supported  by  information  gathered  by  yourself  from  Mr. 
Kipp  and  others,  during  the  winter  which  you  spent  in  the  Mandan 
village,  and  for  which  1  shall  feel  deeply  indebted. 

Your  highness'  obedient  servant, 

GEO.  CATLIN. 

Letter  from  Prince  Maximilian  ofNeuwied. 

"NEUWIED,  PRUSSIA,  December  20,  1866. 
"  To  Mr.  GEORGE  CATLIN  : 

"  Dear  Sir  —  Your  letter  of  2d  December  came  safely  to  hand, 
and  revived  the  quite  forgotten  recollections  of  my  stay  among  the 
Indian  tribes  of  the  Missouri,  now  thirty  -three  years  past. 


APPENDIX.  95 


"  The  Mandan  tribe,  which  we  both  have  known  so  well,  and 
with  whom  I  passed  a  whole  winter,  was  one  of  the  first  to  be  des 
troyed  by  a  terrible  disease,  when  all  the  distinguished  chiefs,  Mah- 
to-toh-pa,  Char-a-ta,  Nu-ma-ka-kie,  etc.,  etc.,  died  ;  and  it  is  doubtful 
if  a  single  man  of  them  remained  to  record  the  history,  customs,  and 
religious  ideas  of  his  people. 

"  Not  having  been,  like  yourself,  an  eye-witness  of  those  re 
markable  starvations  and  tortures  of  the  0-kee-pa.  but  having 
arrived  later,  and  spent  the  whole  of  a  winter  with  the  Mandans,  I 
received  from  all  the  distinguished  chiefs,  and  from  Mr.  Kipp  (at 
that  time  director  of  Tort  Clarke,  at  the  Mandan  village,  and  an 
excellent  interpreter  of  the  Mandan  language),  the  most  detailed  and 
complete  record  and  description  of  the  0-kee-pa  festival,  where  the 
young  men  suffered  a  great  deal ;  and  I  can  attest  your  relation  of  it 
to  be  a  correct  one,  after  all  that  I  heard  and  observed  myself. 

"  In  my  description  of  my  voyage  in  North  America  (English 
edition)  I  gave  a  very  detailed  description  of  the  0-kee-pa,  as  it  was 
reported  to  me  by  all  the  chiefs  and  Mr.  Kipp,  and  it  is  about  the 
same  that  you  told  —  and  nobody  would  doubt  our  veracity  1  hope. 

"  I  know  most  of  the  American  works  published  on  the  American 
Indians,  and  I  possess  many  of  them  ;  but  it  would  be  a  labor  too 
heavy  for  my  age  of  eighty-five  years,  to  recapitulate  them  all. 

"  Schoolcraft  is  a  writer  who  knows  well  the  Indians  of  his  own 
part  of  the  country,  but  I  do  not  know  his  last  large  work  on  that 
matter.  If  he  should  doubt  what  we  have  both  told  in  our  works, 
of  the  great  Medicine  festivities  of  the  0-kee-pa,  he  would  be  wrong, 
certainly. 

"If  my  statement,  as  that  of  a  witness,  could  be  of  use  to  you,  I 
should  be  very  pleased. 

"  Your  obedient, 
«  (Signed)  MAX,  PRINCE  OF  NEUWIED." 

The  "  0-kee-pa"  (Religious  ceremony  of  the  Mandans)  has  just 
been  published  in  full,  with  13  colored  illustrations,  by  Trabner, 
60  Paternoster  Row,  London,  and  by  Lippincott  of  Philadelphia; 
and  the  autograph  letter  of  Prince  Maximilian,  written  in  English, 
of  which  the  above  is  a  literal  copy,  and  printed  in  the  work,  is  in 
Mr.  Trubner's  possession,  and  since  the  death  of  the  Prince  Maxi 
milian,  that  letter  has  been  duly  attested  by  Baron  Bibra,  Director  of 
the  Finances  of  his  Highness  the  Prince;  and  by  the  Mayor  of  Neu- 
weid,  with  the  seal  of  the  town  of  Neuwied  attached  to  it. 

Remark. —  The  iniquity  exposed  in  the  above  correspondence,  of 
endeavoring  to  impeach  my  veracity,  under  the  indorsement  of  the 
"  Government  of  the  United  States,"  whilst  I  was  yet  risking  my 
life  in  the  wilderness,  gathering  material  for  the  history  of  my 
country,  will  be  easily  understood  without  comment,  and  its  object 
appreciated  by  all  who  read. 

AUTHOR. 


INDIAN  PORTRAITS. 


CERTIFICATES. 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  persons  whose  signatures  are  affixed  to 
the  certificates  used  below,  by  Mr.  Catlin,  are  officers  in  the  service 
of  the  United  States,  as  herein  set  forth  ;  and  that  their  opinions  of 
the  accuracy  of  the  likenesses,  and  correctness  of  the  views,  etc.,  ex 
hibited  by  him  in  his  "  Indian  Gallery,"  are  entitled  to  full  credit. 
J.  R.  POINSETT,  Secretary  of  War,  Washington. 

With  regard  to  the  gentlemen  whose  names  are  affixed  to  cer 
tificates  below,  I  am  fully  warranted  in  saying,  that  no  individuals 
have  had  better  opportunity  of  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  persons, 
habits,  costumes  and  sports  of  the  Indian  tribes,  or  possess  stronger 
claims  upon  the  public  confidence  in  the  statements  they  make 
respecting  the  correctness  of  delineation,  etc.,  of  Mr.  Catlin's  "  Indian 
Gallery ;"  and  I  may  add  my  own  testimony  with  regard  to  many 
of  those  Indians  whom  I  have  seen,  and  wrhose  likenesses  are  in  the 
collection  and  sketched  with  fidelity  and  correctness. 

C.  A.  HARRIS,  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  Washington. 

I  have  seen  Mr.  Catlin's  collection  of  Portraits  of  Indians,  many 
of  which  were  familiar  to  me,  and  painted  in  my  presence ;  and  as 
far  as  they  have  included  Indians  of  my  acquaintance,  the  likenesses 
are  easily  recognized,  bearing  the  most  striking  resemblance  to  the 
originals,  as  well  as  faithful  representations  of  their  costumes. 

W.  CLARK,  Superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs,  St.  Louis. 

I  have  examined  Mr.  Catlin's  collection  of  the  Upper  Missouri  In 
dians  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  all  of  which  1  am  acquainted  with,  and 
indeed  most  of  them  were  painted  when  I  was  present,  and  I  do  not 
hesitate  to  pronounce  them  correct  likenesses,  and  readily  to  be  re 
cognized.  And  I  consider  the  costumes,  as  painted  by  him,  to  be  the 
only  correct  representations  I  have  ever  seen. 

JOHN  F.  A.  SANFORD, 

U.  S.  Indian  Agent  for  Mandans,  Rickarees,  Minatarees, 
Crows,  K'nisteneaux,  Assinneboins,  Blackfeet,  etc. 

Having  examined  Mr.  Catlin's  collection  of  Portraits  of  Indians 
of  the  Missouri  and  Rocky  Mountains,  I  have  no  hesitation  in  pro 
nouncing  them,  so  far  as  I  am  acquainted  with  the  individuals,  to  be 
the  best  I  have  ever  seen,  both  as  regards  the  expression  of  coun 
tenance  and  the  exact  and  complete  manner  in  which  the  costume 
has  been  painted  by  him. 

J.  L.  BEAN,  S.  Agent  for  Indian  Affairs. 


APPENDIX.  97 


I  have  been  for  many  years  past  in  familiar  acquaintance  with 
the  Indian  tribes  of  the  tipper  Missouri  and  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
and  also  with  the  landscape  and  other  scenes  represented  in  Mr. 
Catlin's  collection,  and  it  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  assure  the 
world  that,  on  looking  them  over,  I  found  the  likenesses  of  my  old 
friends  easily  to  be  recognized,  and  his  sketches  of  Manners  and 
Customs  to  be  portrayed  with  singular  truth  and  correctness. 

J.  PILCHER,  Agent  for  Upper  Missouri  Indians. 

It  gives  me  great  pleasure  in  being  enabled  to  add  my  name  to 
the  list  of  those  who  have  spontaneously  expressed  their  approbation 
of  Mr.  Catlin's  collection  of  Indian  Paintings.  His  collection  of 
materials  places  it  in  his  power  to  throw  much  light  on  the  Indian 
character ;  and  his  portraits,  so  far  as  I  have  seen  them,  are  drawn 
with  great  fidelity  as  to  character  and  likeness. 

H.  SCHOOLCRAFT,  Indian  Agent  for  Wisconsin  Territory. 

Having  lived  and  dealt  with  the  Blackfoot  Indians  for  five  years 
past,  I  was  enabled  to  recognize  every  one  of  the  portraits  of  those 
people,  and  of  the  Crows  also,  which  Mr.  Catlin  has  in  his  collection, 
from  the  faithful  likenesses  they  bore  to  the  originals. 

St.  Louis,  1835.  J.  E.  BRAZEAU. 

Having  spent  sixteen  years  in  the  continual  acquaintance  with 
the  Indians  of  the  several  tribes  of  the  Missouri  represented  in  Mr. 
Catlin's  Gallery  of  Indian  Paintings,  I  was  enabled  to  judge  of  the 
correctness  of  the  likeness,  and  I  instantly  recognized  every  one  of 
them,  when  I  looked  them  over,  from  the  striking  resemblance  they 
bore  to  the  originals;  so,  also,  of  the  landscapes  on  the  Missouri. 

HONORE  PICOTTE. 

The  portraits  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  Catlin,  of  Pawnee  Picts, 
Kioways,  Camanches,  Weecos,  and  Osages,  were  painted  by  him 
from  life,  when  on  a  tour  to  their  country  with  the  United  States 
Dragoons.  The  likenesses  are  good,  very  easy  to  be  recognized,  and 
the  costumes  faithfully  represented. 

HENRY  DODGE,  Col.  of  Drag. 

R.  H.  MASON,  Major  of  ditto. 

D.  HUNTER,  Capt.  of  ditto. 

D.  PERKINS,  Capt  of  ditto. 

M.  DUNCAN,  ditto. 

T.  B.  WHEELOCK,  Lieut,  ditto. 

We  have  seen  Mr.  Catlin's  Portraits  of  Indians  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  many  of  which  are  familiar  to  us :  the  likenesses  are 
easily  recognized,  bearing  a  strong  resemblance  to  the  originals,  as 
well  as  faithful  representations  of  their  costumes. 

J.  DOUGHERTY,  Indian  Agent. 
J.  GANTT. 
November  27th,  1837. 


98  APPENDIX. 


We  hereby  certify  that  the  portraits  of  the  Grand  Pawnees, 
Republican  Pawnees,  FWnee  Loups,  Tappage  Pawnees,  Otoes, 
Omahaws,  and  Missouries,  which  are  in  Mr.  Catlin's  Indian  Gallery, 
were  painted  from  life  by  Mr.  Catlin,  and  that  the  individuals  sat  to 
him  in  the  costumes  precisely  in  which  they  are  painted. 

J.  DOUGHERTY,  I.  A.  for  Pawnees,  Omahaws,  and  Ottoes. 

J.  GANTT. 

New  York,  1837. 

I  have  seen  Mr.  Catlin's  collection  of  Indian  Portraits,  many  of 
which  were  familiar  to  me,  and  painted  in  my  presence  at  their  own 
villages.  I  have  spent  the  greater  part  of  my  life  among  the  tribes 
and  individuals  he  has  represented,  and  I  do  not  hesitate  to  pro 
nounce  them  correct  likenesses,  and  easily  recognized  ;  also,  his 
sketches  of  their  manners  and  customs,  I  think  are  excellent ;  and 
the  landscape  views  on  the  Missouri  and  Mississippi  are  correct  re 
presentations. 
K.  M'KENZIE,  of  the  Am.  Fur  Co.,  Mouth  of  the  Yellow  Stone. 

We  hereby  certify  that  the  portraits  of  Seminoles  and  Euchees, 
named  in  this  catalogue  were  painted  by  Mr.  Catlin,  from  the  life, 
at  Fort  Moultrie;  that  the  Indians  satpr  stood  in  the  costumes  pre 
cisely  in  which  they  are  painted,  and  that  the  likenesses  are  remark 
ably  good. 

P.  MORRISON,  Capt.  4th  Inft. 

J.  S.  HATHAWAY,  2d  Lieut,  1st  Art. 

H.  WHARTON,  2d  Lieut.  6th  Inft. 

F.  WEEDON,  Assistant  Surgeon. 
Fort  Moultrie,  Jan.  28,  1838. 

Letter  from  General  Cass,  American  Ambassador  to  France. 

LEGATION  DBS  ETATS  UNIS,  PARIS, 

December  8,  1841. 
To  GEO.  CATLIN  : 

Dear  Sir — No  man  can  appreciate  better  than  myself,  the  ad 
mirable  fidelity  of  your  drawings,  and  the  book  which  I  have  re 
ceived.  They  are  equally  spirited  and  accurate ;  they  are  true  to 
nature.  Things  that  are,  are  not  sacrificed,  as  they  too  often  are  by 
the  painter,  to  things  as  (in  his  judgment)  they  should  be. 

During  eighteen  years  of  my  life,  I  was  Superintendent  of  Indian 
Affairs  in  the  northwestern  territory  of  the  United  States  ;  and 
during  more  than  five,  I  was  Secretary  of  War,  to  which  department 
belongs  the  general  control  of  Indian  concerns.  I  know  the  Indians 
thoroughly.  I  have  spent  many  a  month  in  their  camps,  council- 
houses,  villages,  and  hunting  grounds ;  I  have  fought  with  them  and 
against  them  ;  and  I  have  negotiated  seventeen  treaties  of  peace  or  of 
cession  with  them.  I  mention  these  circumstances  to  show  you  that 
I  have  a  good  right  to  speak  confidently  upon  the  subject  of  your 


APPENDIX.  99 


drawings.  Among  them  I  recognize  many  of  my  old  acquaintances, 
and  everywhere  Iain  struck  with  the  vivid  representations  of  them 
and  their  customs,  of  their  peculiar  features,  and  of  their  costumes. 
Unfortunately,  they  are  receding  before  the  advancing  tide  of  our  pop 
ulation,  and  are  probably  destined,  at  no  distant  day,  wholly  to  dis 
appear  ;  but  your  collection  will  preserve  them,  as  far  as  human 
art  can  do,  and  will  form  the  most  perfect  monument  of  an  ex 
tinguished  race  that  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

LEWIS  CASS. 


WN8  7DAYUSE 

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